内置式永磁同步电机的极宽调制低振噪设计*

doi:10.11985/2021.04.005

电气工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 33-41.doi: 10.11985/2021.04.005

• 特邀专栏：高性能永磁电机驱动与控制 • 上一篇下一篇

扫码分享

内置式永磁同步电机的极宽调制低振噪设计^*

马琛(), 吉敬华(), 赵文祥(), 刘童()

江苏大学电气信息工程学院镇江 212013

收稿日期:2021-05-27 修回日期:2021-09-27 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-02-10
作者简介:马琛,男,1989年生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为永磁同步电机振动与噪声。E-mail： 420952047@qq.com
吉敬华,女,1977年生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电磁分析与电机设计。 E-mail： jjh@ujs.edu.cn
赵文祥,男,1976年生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电机及其控制。E-mail： zwx@ujs.edu.cn
刘童,男,1996年生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为永磁同步电机振动与噪声建模与分析。E-mail： 15052937229@163.com
吉敬华,女,1977年生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电磁分析与电机设计。 E-mail： jjh@ujs.edu.cn
赵文祥,男,1976年生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电机及其控制。E-mail： zwx@ujs.edu.cn
刘童,男,1996年生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为永磁同步电机振动与噪声建模与分析。E-mail： 15052937229@163.com
基金资助:
* 国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(51991383)

Pole Width Modulation-based Low Vibration and Noise Design for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

MA Chen(), JI Jinghua(), ZHAO Wenxiang(), LIU Tong()

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013

Received:2021-05-27 Revised:2021-09-27 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对于整数槽内置式永磁同步电机,槽数阶电磁力是零阶振动的主要来源。为实现电机的低振噪设计,采用极宽调制技术对电机转子进行修型,抑制齿数阶电磁力。首先,推导出72槽12极内置式永磁同步电机激振力的时空分布数学模型,分析72阶电磁力来源。然后,采用极宽调制技术优化72阶电磁力,并确定最终设计方案。最后,建立电机电磁-振动-噪声的多物理场仿真模型,对电机的电磁力、模态特征、振动响应和噪声辐射进行仿真分析。通过对比优化前和优化后电机的零阶振动和噪声,验证所提方法的有效性,为内置式永磁同步电机的低振噪设计提供新的方法。

关键词: 极宽调制, 齿数阶电磁力, 转子修型, 低振噪设计, 永磁电机

Abstract:

For the integer slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), slot number order force is an important source of the zeroth mode vibration. Pole width modulation technology is used to modify the rotor, restrain slot number order force, and realize the low vibration and noise design. Firstly, the mathematical model of the temporal and spatial characteristics of electromagnetic force of the 72-slot/22-pole IPMSM is deduced. Then, the source of 72nd-order electromagnetic force is analyzed. Subsequently, pole width modulation technology is used to optimize the 72nd-order electromagnetic force, and the final optimization scheme is adopted by simulated validated. Finally, the multi-physical simulation model of electromagnetic vibration and noise is established to predict the electromagnetic force, modal characteristics, vibration response and radiation noise of machine are analyzed. Vibration displacement and sound pressure level are compared between the existed and proposed machine. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. A new method for low vibration and noise design for IPMSM is provided.

Key words: Pole width modulation, slot number order force, modal analysis, low vibration and noise design, permanent magnet motor

中图分类号:

TM561

马琛, 吉敬华, 赵文祥, 刘童. 内置式永磁同步电机的极宽调制低振噪设计^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2021, 16(4): 33-41.

MA Chen, JI Jinghua, ZHAO Wenxiang, LIU Tong. Pole Width Modulation-based Low Vibration and Noise Design for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(4): 33-41.

图/表 18

表1

图1

表2

表3

表4

图2

表5

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表6

表7

表8

表9

图9

参考文献 20

[1]	HAN Z, LIU J. Comparative analysis of vibration and noise in IPMSM considering the effect of MTPA control algorithms for electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(6):6850-6862. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.63
[2]	AMIN M, AZIZ G A A, DURKIN J, et al. A robust simplified dynamic observer-based backstepping control of six-phase induction motor for marine vessels applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, 56(6):7044-7054.
[3]	MAO Y, ZHAO W, ZHU S, et al. Vibration investigation of spoke-type PM machine with asymmetric rotor considering modulation effect of stator teeth[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(10):9092-9103. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.3022530
[4]	王晓远, 贺晓钰, 高鹏. 电动汽车用V型磁钢转子永磁电机的电磁振动噪声削弱方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 35(16):4919-4926.
	WANG Xiaoyuan, HE Xiaoyu, GAO Peng. Research on electromagnetic vibration and noise reduction method of V type magnet rotor permanent magnet motor electric vehicles[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 35(16):4919-4926.
[5]	谢颖, 李飞, 黎志伟, 等. 内置永磁同步电机减振设计与研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(18):5437-5445.
	XIE Ying, LI Fei, LI Zhiwei, et al. Optimized design and research of vibration reduction with an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(18):5437-5445.
[6]	LIU T, ZHAO W, JI J, et al. Effects of eccentric magnet on high-frequency vibroacoustic performance in integral-slot SPM machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2021, 36(3):2393-2403. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2021.3060752
[7]	邢泽智, 王秀和, 赵文良. 基于不同极弧系数组合分段倾斜磁极的表贴式永磁同步电机齿槽转矩削弱措施研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(16):5737-5747.
	XING Zezhi, WANG Xiuhe, ZHAO Wenliang. Research on reduction methods of cogging torque based on segmented skewing magnetic poles with different combinations of pole-arc coefficients in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(16):5737-5747.
[8]	WU M, ZHAO W, JI J, et al. Reduction of tooth harmonic in fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent-magnet machines using new stator design[J]. Journal of Magnetics, 2018, 23(2):218-228. doi: 10.4283/JMAG.2018.23.2.218
[9]	ZHOU M, ZHANG X, ZHAO W, et al. Influence of magnet shape on the cogging torque of a surface-mounted permanent magnet motor[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 5(4):40-50. doi: 10.23919/CJEE.7873788
[10]	安跃军, 温宏亮, 安辉, 等. 磁极调制式永磁电机的磁场分析与实验[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(11):111-117.
	AN Yuejun, WEN Hongliang, AN Hui, et al. Magnetic field analysis and experiment of sinusoidal magnetic pole modulation permanent magnet machine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(11):111-117.
[11]	CHAITHONGSUK S, TAKORABET N, KREUAWAN S. Reduction of eddy-current losses in fractional-slot concentrated-winding synchronous PM motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2015, 51(3):8102204.
[12]	王凯, 孙海阳, 张露锋, 等. 永磁同步电机转子磁极优化技术综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(24):7304-7317.
	WANG Kai, SUN Haiyang, ZHANG Lufeng, et al. An overview of rotor pole optimization techniques for permanent magnet synchronous machines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(24):7304-7317.
[13]	ZHAO W, ZHU S, JI J, et al. Analysis and reduction of electromagnetic vibration in fractional-slot concentrated- windings PM machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021,DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3071701. doi: 10.1109/TIE. 2021.3071701
[14]	WANG S, HONG J, SUN Y, et al. Analysis of zeroth-mode slot frequency vibration of integer slot permanent-magnet synchronous motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 67(4):2954-2964. doi: 10.1109/TIE.41
[15]	LAN H, ZOU J, XU Y, et al. Effect of local tangential force on vibration performance in fractional-slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2019, 34(2):1082-1093. doi: 10.1109/TEC.60
[16]	WANG S, HONG J, SUN Y, et al. Mechanical and magnetic pivot roles of tooth in vibration of electrical machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2021, 36(1):139-148. doi: 10.1109/TEC.60
[17]	LIANG W, LUK P C K, et al. Analytical study of stator tooth modulation on electromagnetic radial force in permanent magnet synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(12):11731-11739. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.3029462
[18]	ZHU S, ZHAO W, JI J, et al. Investigation of bread-loaf magnet on vibration performance in FSCW PMSM considering force modulation effect[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2021, 7(3):1379-1389. doi: 10.1109/TTE.2020.3035180
[19]	FANG H, LI D, GUO J, et al. Hybrid model for electromagnetic vibration synjournal of electrical machines considering tooth modulation and tangential effects[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(8):7284-7293. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.3000137
[20]	ZOU J, LAN H, XU Y, et al. Analysis of global and local force harmonics and their effects on vibration in permanent magnet synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2017, 32(4):1523-1532. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2017.2720422

参数	数值
额定功率/kW	67
额定转速/(r/min)	4 282
额定转矩/(N·m)	116
绕组相数	6
极数/槽数	12/72
定子外径/mm	430
定子内径/mm	340
转子内径/mm	285
气隙长度/mm	1
永磁体厚度/mm	6
直轴电感/交轴电感/mH	3.62/6.38

分类	阶次	频率
第1类	(n₁+n₂)p	(n₁+n₂)f_r
	(n₁-n₂)p	(n₁-n₂)f_r
	(n₁+n₂)p±kZ	(n₁+n₂)f_r
	(n₁-n₂)p±kZ	(n₁-n₂)f_r
第2类	(n+ν)p±kZ	(n+1)f_r
第2类	(n-ν)p±kZ	(n-1)f_r
第3类	(ν₁-ν₂)p±kZ	0
第3类	(ν₁+ν₂)p±kZ	2f_r

永磁磁密阶次n	电枢v			永磁磁密阶次n
永磁磁密阶次n	1N_t	11N_t	13N_t	1p	11p
p	0/0	60/10	72/12	0/0	60/10
p	12/2	72/12	84/14	12/2	72/12
3p	12/2	48/8	60/10	12/2	48/8
3p	24/4	84/14	96/16	24/4	84/14
5p	24/4	36/6	48/8	24/4	36/6
5p	36/6	96/16	108/18	36/6	96/16
7p	36/6	24/4	36/6	36/6	24/4
7p	48/8	108/18	120/20	48/8	108/18
9p	48/8	12/2	24/4	48/8	12/2
9p	60/10	120/20	132/22	60/10	120/20
11p	60/10	0/0	12/2	60/10	0/0
11p	72/12	132/22	144/24	72/12	132/22

磁场谐波成分	径向力幅值/(N/cm²)
(1p, 11N_t)	10.6
(1p, 13N_t)	17.5
(1p, 11p)	9.95
(3p, 9p)	0.06
(5p, 7p)	0.15
(11p, 1N_t)	24.3

槽结构	结构模型
4槽
5槽
6槽
8槽

内置式永磁同步电机的极宽调制低振噪设计^*

Pole Width Modulation-based Low Vibration and Noise Design for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 18

参考文献 20

相关文章 12

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

负载工况	结构	平均转矩/ (N·m)	转矩脉动(%)
额定工况 (4 282 r/min)	优化前	116	32
额定工况 (4 282 r/min)	优化后	114	44
弱磁工况 (9 100 r/min)	优化前	52	44
弱磁工况 (9 100 r/min)	优化后	50	65
过载工况 (2 150 r/min)	优化前	405	39
过载工况 (2 150 r/min)	优化后	394	33

材料	密度/ (kg/m³)	泊松比	弹性模量/GPa	切变模量/GPa
定子铁心	8 000	u_xy=0.3 u_yz= u_xz=0.27	E_x= E_y=195 E_z =130	G_yz= G_xz=26.5 G_xy=55
机壳	7 200	0.28	110	43

阶次	频率/Hz	频率/Hz
3阶	1 024	3 795
4阶	1 872	4 253
5阶	2 890	5 421
6阶	3 995	6 992
0阶	7 075	11 168

运行工况		结构		振动加速度/(m/s²)
额定工况		优化前		1.41
额定工况		优化后		0.36
弱磁工况		优化前		1.23
弱磁工况		优化后		0.27
过载工况		优化前		1.83
过载工况		优化后		0.63
运行工况	结构		振动加速度/(m/s²)		位移/mm
5 893 r/min	优化前		1.62
5 893 r/min	优化后		0.57

[1]	程明, 张邦富, 王飒飒, 王伟. 模块化细轭部磁通切换永磁直线电机及其控制 ^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2021, 16(1): 1-8.
[2]	胡土雄,胡弼,王伟,曹文耀. 高密度永磁同步电机永磁体失磁特征量分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019, 14(2): 121-126.
[3]	魏凯,马峰,刘相蕊,陈旭. 一种电动操动机构直流永磁电机的改进[J]. 电气工程学报, 2018, 13(9): 44-49.
[4]	杨凯,颜建虎,张尚坤. 分数槽永磁电机的多物理场耦合分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2017, 12(5): 1-7.
[5]	井立兵,柳霖,高起兴,罗正豪. 削弱模块化永磁电机齿槽转矩的新方法[J]. 电气工程学报, 2017, 12(2): 15-19.
[6]	王帅,张炳义,陈亚千,牛英力,张霄霆. 基于云遗传策略的永磁电机表贴式双曲极靴优化设计[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(9): 8-14.
[7]	赵玫,邹继斌,苏明煜,谢其峰,王孟瑞. 横向磁通永磁直线电机研究与发展[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(2): 1-9.
[8]	韩雪岩,田东. 高速内置式永磁同步电机转子强度的等效计算与分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(2): 16-19.
[9]	魏佳丹,何健,郑青青. 一种基于开绕组永磁电机的故障容错型发电机系统[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(1): 32-38.
[10]	王双翼,张凤阁,刘光伟. 轴向多段式高速外永磁转子爪极电机的电磁场与温度场分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(9): 1-7.
[11]	李岩,闫佳宁,夏加宽. 基于Fluent的异步起动永磁电机温度场分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(9): 15-21.
[12]	曹翼. 高速永磁同步电机的电磁性能分析和计算[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(10): 75-81.