基于最近电平逼近调制的MMC冗余子模块冷热混合备用容错策略*

doi:10.11985/2023.04.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高模块化多电平换流器(Modular multilevel converter，MMC)运行可靠性，MMC桥臂通常配备了冗余子模块。基于有冗余MMC，改进了冷热混合备用容错策略。分析对比了采用不同容错策略时的MMC容错控制复杂度与运行功率损耗。为完善混合备用容错策略，基于最近电平逼近调制(Nearest-level modulation，NLM)原理提出了一种MMC冷备用子模块的充电控制策略，减小了冷备用子模块充电过程对MMC输出性能的影响。此外，提出了冗余子模块冷热备用子模块数量的分配方法。最后，基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了21电平的三相MMC模型，仿真结果表明，改进的混合备用容错策略能够有效减缓容错过渡过程的波动，验证了该容错控制策略的有效性和可行性。

关键词: 模块化多电平换流器(MMC), 子模块故障, 子模块充电控制, 冗余容错控制, 冷热混合备用

Abstract:

To improve the operational reliability of modular multilevel converter(MMC), the MMC arm is usually equipped with redundant submodules. Based on redundant MMC, the fault tolerance strategy of hot and cold hybrid standby is improved. The control complexity and power loss of MMC with different fault tolerance strategies are analyzed and compared. In order to complete the hybrid standby fault-tolerant strategy, a charging control strategy for the cold standby sub-module of MMC is proposed based on the nearest-level modulation(NLM) principle, which reduces the influence of the cold standby sub-module charging process on the output performance of MMC. In addition, the method of setting the number of hot and cold standby submodules is proposed. Finally, a 21-level three-phase MMC model is built based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform. The simulation results show that the improved mixed-reserve fault-tolerant strategy can effectively reduce the fluctuation of the fault-tolerant transition process, and verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the fault-tolerant control strategy.

Key words: Modular multilevel converter(MMC), sub-module failure, sub-module charging control, redundant fault-tolerant control, hot and cold hybrid standby

中图分类号:

TM76

夏长江, 唐欢, 韩民晓, 林佳鑫. 基于最近电平逼近调制的MMC冗余子模块冷热混合备用容错策略^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(4): 143-151.

XIA Changjiang, TANG Huan, HAN Minxiao, LIN Jiaxin. Fault-tolerant Control of MMC Redundant Sub-module Cold and Hot Hybrid Standby Based on NLM[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(4): 143-151.

图/表 10

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

不同MMC中$\lambda_{\text {MMCf_M } M_{\mathrm{R}}}$值"

桥臂子模块数N	M值	M_R值	$λ MMCf_M R$
20	2	1	1.700×10^-8
100	10	1	3.600×10^-7
200	20	2	4.150×10^-7
300	30	3	4.486×10^-7
500	50	5	5.262×10^-7

表2

图5

表3

图6

图7

参考文献 21

[1]	韦延方, 卫志农, 孙国强, 等. 一种新型的高压直流输电技术:MMC-HVDC[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2012, 32(7):1-9.
	WEI Yanfang, WEI Zhinong, SUN Guoqiang, et al. New HVDC power transmission technology:MMC-HVDC[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2012, 32(7):1-9.
[2]	DEKKA A, WU Bin, FUENTES R L, et al. Evolution of topologies,modeling,control schemes,and applications of modular multilevel converters[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2017, 5(4):1631-1656. doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2742938
[3]	李凯, 赵争鸣, 袁立强. 模块化多电平变换器上、下桥臂不对称运行环流重复控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(20):122-129.
	LI Kai, ZHAO Zhengming, YUAN Liqiang. Repetitive control of circulating current in asymmetric operation of upper and lower arms of modular multilevel converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(20):122-129.
[4]	李探, 赵成勇. MMC子模块故障下桥臂不对称运行特性分析与故障容错控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(15):3921-3928.
	LI Tan, ZHAO Chengyong. Analysis of asymmetrical operation characteristics and fault-tolerant control of bridge arm under fault of MMC sub-module[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(15):3921-3928.
[5]	武文, 吴学智, 荆龙, 等. 基于虚拟电阻的MMC子模块故障容错环流抑制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2018, 38(2):161-168.
	WU Wen, WU Xuezhi, JING Long, et al. Fault-tolerant circulation suppression strategy for MMC submodules based on virtual resistance[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2018, 38(2):161-168.
[6]	ZENG Rong, XU Lie, YAO Liangzhong, et al. Analysis and control of modular multilevel converters under asymmetric arm impedance conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 63(1):71-81. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2477057
[7]	张静, 郝亮亮, 黄银华, 等. 基于叠加逼近调制的模块化多电平换流器谐波环流抑制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(11):3539-3546.
	ZHANG Jing, HAO Liangliang, HUANG Yinhua, et al. Modular multilevel converter harmonic circulation suppression strategy based on superposition approximation modulation[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(11):3539-3546.
[8]	LI Kai, YUAN Liqiang, ZHAO Zhengming, et al. Fault-tolerant control of MMC with hot reserved submodules based on carrier phase shift modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 32(9):6778-6791. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2628762
[9]	ABDELSALAM M, MAREI M I, TENNAKOON S B. An integrated control strategy with fault detection and tolerant control capability based on capacitor voltage estimation for modular multilevel converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016, 53(3):2840-2851. doi: 10.1109/TIA.28
[10]	郭高朋, 胡学浩, 温家良, 等. 模块化多电平变流器的预充电控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2014, 38(10):2624-2630.
	GUO Gaopeng, HU Xuehao, WEN Jialiang, et al. Precharge control strategy of modular multilevel converter[J]. Power System Technology, 2014, 38(10):2624-2630.
[11]	管敏渊, 徐政. 模块化多电平换流器子模块故障特性和冗余保护[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2011, 35(16):94-98,104.
	GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng. Fault characteristics and redundant protection of modular multilevel converter sub-modules[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2011, 35(16):94-98,104.
[12]	王姗姗, 周孝信, 汤广福, 等. 模块化多电平电压源换流器的数学模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(24):1-8.
	WANG Shanshan, ZHOU Xiaoxin, TANG Guangfu, et al. Mathematical model of modular multilevel voltage source converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(24):1-8.
[13]	白保东, 陈德志, 王鑫博. 逆变器IGBT损耗计算及冷却装置设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(8):97-106.
	BAI Baodong, CHEN Dezhi, WANG Xinbo. Inverter IGBT loss calculation and cooling device design[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(8):97-106.
[14]	薛英林, 徐政, 张哲任, 等. 采用不同子模块的MMC-HVDC阀损耗通用计算方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2015, 35(1):20-29.
	XUE Yinglin, XU Zheng, ZHANG Zheren, et al. General method of valve loss calculation for MMC-HVDC with different submodules[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2015, 35(1):20-29.
[15]	汤广福, 王高勇, 贺之渊, 等. 张北500 kV直流电网关键技术与设备研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(7):2097-2106.
	TANG Guangfu, WANG Gaoyong, HE Zhiyuan, et al. Research on key technologies and equipment of Zhangbei 500 kV DC power grid[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(7):2097-2106.
[16]	赖伟, 陈民铀, 冉立, 等. 老化实验条件下的IGBT寿命预测模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(24):173-180.
	LAI Wei, CHEN Minyou, RAN Li, et al. IGBT lifetime prediction model under aging experimental conditions[J]. Transactions of China Society Electrotechnical, 2016, 31(24):173-180.
[17]	张军, 张犁, 成瑜. IGBT模块寿命评估研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(12):2560-2575.
	ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Li, CHENG Yu. Overview of IGBT module life evaluation research[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(12):2560-2575.
[18]	王秀丽, 郭静丽, 庞辉, 等. 模块化多电平换流器的结构可靠性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(7):1908-1914.
	WANG Xiuli, GUO Jingli, PANG Hui, et al. Structural reliability analysis of modular multi-level converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(7):1908-1914.
[19]	黄守道, 彭也伦, 廖武. 模块化多电平型变流器电容电压波动及其抑制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(7):62-71.
	HUANG Shoudao, PENG Yelun, LIAO Wu. Study of capacitor voltage fluctuation and its suppression for modular multilevel converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(7):62-71.
[20]	管敏渊, 徐政, 潘伟勇, 等. 最近电平逼近调制的基波谐波特性解析计算[J]. 高电压技术, 2010, 36(5):1327-1332.
	GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng, PAN Weiyong, et al. Analytical calculation of fundamental wave and harmonic characteristics for nearest level modulation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010, 36(5):1327-1332.
[21]	周月宾, 江道灼, 郭捷, 等. 模块化多电平换流器子模块电容电压波动与内部环流分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(24):8-14.
	ZHOU Yuebin, JIANG Daozhuo, GUO Jie, et al. Analysis of sub-module capacitor voltage ripples and circulating currents in modular multilevel converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(24):8-14.

元件名称	数量	年故障率λ/(次/年)
开关器件T	2	0.000 700 8
二极管D	2	0.001 401 6
电容C	1	0.000 087 6

参数	取值
MMC运行子模块数N	20
冗余子模块数M	2
HRSM数M_R	1
直流侧电压U_dc/kV	±10
交流电压额定幅值/kV	10
子模电容C/mF	4
桥臂电感L/mH	10
桥臂等效电阻R/Ω	1 1.5
交流测输出功率P_s/MW	1 1.5