基于模型预测的光伏参与电网调频方法研究*

doi:10.11985/2023.03.037

电气工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 348-357.doi: 10.11985/2023.03.037

• 新能源发电与电能存储 • 上一篇下一篇

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基于模型预测的光伏参与电网调频方法研究^*

吴馥云¹(), 程卫²(), 李高宁²(), 吕建国²()

1.三江学院机械与电气工程学院南京 210012
2.南京理工大学自动化学院南京 210094

收稿日期:2022-08-08 修回日期:2023-05-24 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-23
通讯作者: 程卫，男，1997年生，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为分布式发电与微电网技术。E-mail：1803255993@qq.com
作者简介:吴馥云，女，1988年生，讲师。主要研究方向为分布式发电与微电网技术。E-mail：wufuyun0606@163.com
李高宁，男，1998年生，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为分布式发电与微电网技术。E-mail：li15256971761@163.com
吕建国，男，1987年生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为分布式发电与微电网技术、电力电子变换器控制技术。E-mail：jianguolyu@njust.edu.cn
基金资助:
* 江苏省高等学校自然科学研究资助项目(20KJB470029)

Research on the Method of Photovoltaic Participation in Grid Frequency Regulation Based on Model Prediction Control

WU Fuyun¹(), CHENG Wei²(), LI Gaoning²(), LÜ Jianguo²()

1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanjiang University, Nanjing 210012
2. School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094

Received:2022-08-08 Revised:2023-05-24 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大规模光伏并网导致电力系统一次调频能力不足的问题，光伏发电主动参与电网频率调节是解决这一问题的重要手段。首先介绍了两级式光伏发电系统的拓扑结构与控制策略，然后考虑到下垂控制对电网频率暂态调节有限，提出了一种模型预测控制与下垂控制相结合的调频控制策略。该控制策略在光伏发电保留一定有功功率的基础上，通过频率差值改变下垂控制的输出增量与频率偏差率改变模型预测控制的输出增量，进而改变光伏发电的有功输出功率，使其参与系统调频。最后在Matlab/Simulink平台上搭建了一套含光伏发电的区域电网仿真模型，通过仿真分析验证了调频控制策略的可行性与有效性。仿真结果表明，该控制策略不仅对电网频率的稳态起到调节作用，还改善了电网频率的暂态与动态效果。

关键词: 两级式光伏发电系统, 频率调节, 下垂控制, 模型预测控制

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of insufficient primary frequency regulation ability of the power system caused by large-scale photovoltaic grid connection, photovoltaics actively participate in grid frequency regulation is an important means to solve this problem. Firstly, the topology structure and control strategy of two-stage photovoltaic power generation system are introduced. Then, considering that droop control has limited effect on frequency transient regulation of power grid, a frequency regulation control strategy combining model predictive control and droop control is proposed. On the basis of active power reserve, the strategy changes the output increment of droop control by frequency difference and the output increment of model predictive control by frequency deviation rate, so as to change the output power of photovoltaic power generation and make it participate in system frequency regulation. Finally, a simulation model of a regional grid with PV power generation is built on Matlab/Simulink platform, the feasibility and effectiveness of the frequency regulation control strategy are verified. The simulation results show that the control strategy not only regulates the steady state of grid frequency, but also improves the transient and dynamic effects of grid frequency.

Key words: Two-stage photovoltaic power generation system, frequency regulation, droop control, model predictive control

中图分类号:

TM761

吴馥云, 程卫, 李高宁, 吕建国. 基于模型预测的光伏参与电网调频方法研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(3): 348-357.

WU Fuyun, CHENG Wei, LI Gaoning, LÜ Jianguo. Research on the Method of Photovoltaic Participation in Grid Frequency Regulation Based on Model Prediction Control[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(3): 348-357.

图/表 21

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调频类型	优点	缺点
减载控制	不需要额外设备，调频成本较低	一般需要弃光，有能量损失
虚拟同步控制	提供更好的惯性，改善动态特性	通常与储能结合，忽略光伏源端特性
光储联合控制	功率稳定，消除功率波动	储能单元的造价与维护成本昂贵

参数	数值
区域1发电机容量/MW	198
区域2发电机容量/MW	198
光伏容量/MW	125
负载消耗有功功率/MW	480
有功备用δ	0.2
转动惯量J	0.1
阻尼系数D	10
Boost 电压环的PI参数	(1, 100)
调频电压环的PI参数	(0.2, 100)
逆变器无功功率外环的PI参数	(7, 800)
逆变器有功功率外环的PI参数	(7, 800)
逆变器有功电流内环的PI参数	(0.3, 20)
逆变器无功电流内环的PI参数	(0.3, 20)
输出量权重系数q	100
控制量权重系数r	1

基于模型预测的光伏参与电网调频方法研究^*

Research on the Method of Photovoltaic Participation in Grid Frequency Regulation Based on Model Prediction Control

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