动力电池散热技术研究进展*

doi:10.11985/2022.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂电池技术的逐渐成熟使之广泛应用在各个行业中，如电网储能、智能家电、通信储能、新能源汽车等领域。锂电池的热管理技术是电池组延长寿命、安全运行的重要保障，锂电池热管理系统对电池的安全和稳定性起着至关重要的作用。对现有的电池散热技术进行了介绍和阐述：首先总结了电池热量的产生、传热和热量分布，其次讨论了电池散热系统中风冷、液冷、热管和相变材料等四种方式的工作原理和特点，最后结合电池散热系统的发展需求，提出未来动力电池散热系统的发展方向和可实行的技术。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热管理, 传热系数, 相变材料

Abstract:

The technology of lithium battery has gradually been matured to be applied in various industries, and its products are widely used in grid energy storage, smart home appliances, communication energy storage, new energy vehicles and other fields. The thermal management technology of lithium batteries is an important guarantee for extending the life of the battery pack and operating safety. The thermal management system of lithium battery plays a crucial role in the safety and stability of the battery. An extensive introduction and elaboration of the existing heat dissipation technology are provided. Firstly, the generation, transfer and distribution of battery heat are summarized. Secondly, the working principles and characteristics of four modes of battery heat dissipation system, such as air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pipe and phase change material, are discussed. Finally, the development direction and feasible technology of battery heat dissipation system are proposed based on the development needs of battery heat dissipation system.

Key words: Lithium ion battery, thermal management, heat transfer coefficient, phase change material

中图分类号:

TM912
U469

于仲安, 陈可怡, 张军令, 胡泽洲. 动力电池散热技术研究进展^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(4): 145-162.

YU Zhongan, CHEN Keyi, ZHANG Junling, HU Zezhou. Research Progress of Power Battery Cooling Technology[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(4): 145-162.

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作者	电池阴极/阳极	放电电压范围/深度	循环倍率	循环次数	温度/℃	容量衰减(%)
RAMADASS等^[8]	C/LiCoO₂	4.2~2.0 V	C/9~C/1	500	55	70.56
				500	25	22.5
				800	45	36.21
				800	25	30.63
ZHANG等^[11]	C/LiFePO₄	3.6~2.0 V	3C	600	45	25.6
					25	14.3
					0	15.5
					-10	20.3
LIU等^[12]	C/LiFePO₄	90%DOD	C/2	757	60	20.1
		90%DOD	C/2	2 628	15	7.5
		50%DOD	C/2	1 376	45	22.1
JAGUEMONT等^[13]	C/LiFeMnPO₄	60%DOD	1C	170	25	7
JAGUEMONT等^[13]	C/LiFeMnPO₄	60%DOD	1C	170	-20	20.8
ZHENG等^[14]	C/LiFePO₄	70%DOD	1/3C	100	-10	12.77
		100%DOD	1C	20		30.69
		100%DOD	1C	40		29.33

作者	冷却形式	电池材料	进风口速度/(m/s)	最大放电倍率	环境温度/℃	最大温升/℃	最大温差/℃
FAN等^[33]	顺排	镍钴锰酸锂电池	0.6~1	2C	20	24	17
	交错					27	11.5
	交叉					28	16
FAN等^[34]	串行通风	磷酸铁锂电池	5	1.5C	21.8	2	1
CHEN等^[35]	模型1	磷酸铁锂电池	0.015	5C	25	38.25	9.7
	模型2					34.35	5.3
	模型3					42.75	14.5
	模型4					35.65	5.8
	模型5					35.25	8.3
	模型6					34.25	5.1
	模型7					35.25	3.5
	模型8					38.25	9.5
	模型9					34.05	3.7

温度/K	导热系数/[W/(m²·K)]	温度/K	导热系数/[W/(m²·K)]
275	0.560 6	325	0.644 5
280	0.571 5	330	0.649 9
285	0.581 8	335	0.654 6
290	0.591 7	340	0.658 8
295	0.600 9	345	0.662 4
300	0.609 6	350	0.665 5
305	0.617 6	355	0.668 0
310	0.625 2	360	0.670 0
315	0.632 2	365	0.671 4
320	0.638 7	370	0.672 3

作者	冷却液	电池材料	入口流量	最大放电倍率	环境温度/℃	最大温升/℃	最大温差/℃
GILS等^[39]	Novec7000	Us18500VR	—	5C	25	10	3
HUO等^[41]	水	锂电池	5×10^-4kg/s	5C	25	5	4.9
TETE等^[44]	水	LiNiMnCoO₂	0.01 m/s	5C	25	2.862	2.894
XIE等^[47]	水	18650锂电池	0.2 m/s	5C	25	5.34	4.46
LIU等^[48]	水	18650锂电池	0.1~0.6 m/s	5C	25~35	14.5(25)	4

作者	PCM材料	耦合冷却系统	电池材料	最大放电率	环境温度/℃	最大温升/℃	最大温差/℃
HE等^[71]	石蜡/膨胀石墨/泡沫铜	风冷	钴酸锂电池	5C	25	23.0	3.9
HUANG等^[72]	石蜡/膨胀石墨	风冷	镍钴锰锂电池	3C	25	33.24	4.74
QIN等^[70]	石蜡/泡沫铝	风冷	18650锂电池	4C	25	17	9.5
HEKMAT等^[73]	聚乙二醇1000	液冷	锂电池	0.9C	28	2	0.6
KONG等^[74]	石蜡	液冷	镍钴锰锂电池	3C	30	11.1	4
PING等^[75]	膨胀石墨	液冷	磷酸铁锂电池	3C	40	7.6	4.5
ZHANG等^[76]	石蜡/泡沫铜	热管	磷酸铁锂电池	5C	30	18.8	4
JIANG等^[77]	石蜡/膨胀石墨	热管	磷酸铁锂电池	1.92C	40	7.9	2.6
WANG等^[78]	石蜡	热管	—	30 W	25	20.56	—