脉冲功率负荷接入下微电网的稳定性研究现状与展望*

doi:10.11985/2022.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,微电网和电力电子技术的快速发展为脉冲功率负荷提了新的应用环境和平台,脉冲功率负荷在全电化战车和船舶电力系统中得到大量应用。然而,这些脉冲负载由于其特有的运行特性,给车载微电网的稳定、安全运行带来了重大挑战,相关技术研究较为丰富。对此,聚焦脉冲功率负荷对微电网稳定性的影响,总结国内外研究情况,包括电子雷达、电磁发射与回收装置、脉冲武器等脉冲功率负荷类型,周期性扰动、强非线性负荷对母线电压和频率的影响等失稳机理,稳定性分析方法、储能技术、虚拟同步技术等应对策略。最后,对下一步脉冲功率负荷下微电网稳定性的研究方向进行分析,并对后续研究进行展望。

关键词: 微电网, 脉冲功率负荷, 稳定性, 失稳机理, 应对策略

Abstract:

In recent years, the development of microgrid and power electronics technology provides a new application environment and platform for pulsed power load, and the application of pulsed power load in on-board microgrid and ship power system is becoming more and more common. However, these pulse loads pose great challenges to the stable and safe operation of microgrid due to their unique operating characteristics. Based on this, the influence of pulse power load on the stability of microgrid is focused, the research content at home and abroad are summarized, including electronic radar, electromagnetic emission and recycling equipment, pulse weapons, such as pulse power load type, periodic disturbance, strong nonlinearity, the bus voltage and frequency instability mechanism, such as the influence of the stability analysis, the energy storage system, such as virtual synchronization technology strategy. Finally, the future research direction of microgrid stability under pulse power load is analyzed, and the future research is prospected based on the existing problems.

Key words: Microgrid, pulse power load, stability, instability mechanism, coping strategies

中图分类号:

TM561

孟志远, 徐海亮, 刘春震. 脉冲功率负荷接入下微电网的稳定性研究现状与展望^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(1): 2-14.

MENG Zhiyuan, XU Hailiang, LIU Chunzhen. Research Status and Prospect of Microgrid Stability under Pulsed Power Loads[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(1): 2-14.

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负荷类型	典型负荷	负荷特征	对系统的影响
冲击性负荷	电动机负载、储能设备负载等	1. 功率瞬间产生极大变化 2. 冲击时间为秒级 3. 冲击结束后短时间内不会再次发生冲击,留给系统的恢复时间较长	仅对系统产生一次或数次冲击
PPL	电子雷达	峰值功率高,平均功率低;功率脉宽可到毫秒量级	对系统产生持续的冲击作用,降低系统的稳定性
	电磁发射与回收装置	脉冲能量高,循环周期短,周期为秒级
	脉冲武器	脉冲能量高,循环周期短,周期为秒级

控制方式	特征	优点	缺点
LC滤波^[60⇓-62]	设置时间常数,分离高低频分量	1. 结构简单 2. 无需数字滤波	1. 设备故障问题 2. 充放电功率较高,对系统的冲击大 3. 相位延迟
小波变换^[63⇓-65]	选取小波基和优化分解层数,使分解后的高频、低频功率分量更接近储能设备的特性	1. 时域和频域相互转换 2. 局部化分析能力 3. 能分析非平稳信号	1. 依赖测量和通信设备 2. 处理大量数据时响应速度变慢
下垂控制^[66⇓-68]	调节输出电压和频率以达到系统有功和无功功率的合理分配	1. 无需互联通信 2. 可实现电源的即插即用 3. 控制结构简单	1. 易受母线电压的影响 2. 功率分配精度低 3. 无法实现系统间的协同控制