雷击降弓过程中机车受流动态特性研究

doi:10.11985/2023.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对雷击环境下重载列车降弓燃弧导致的行车安全问题，以实际牵引系统为参考，仿真建立雷电流与降弓运动环境下牵引系统弓网电弧综合模型。基于机车运行与电弧特性两个方面，研究宏观层面功率与高压侧整流侧电流的变化规律，同时分析了弓网电弧动态特性变化，评估雷击下降弓过程对时速73 km/h重载机车受流动态特性的影响。通过仿真对比得出，雷击降弓中的电弧使受电弓电源电压对电缆的寄生电容充电，由于机车高压端设备和受电弓的电感，影响了等效电路的振荡波动和过电压峰值；雷击降弓电弧存在滞后性；输入的雷电电流会引起牵引系统电感电容变化，也会改变电弧形成的等离子体的电容，从而增加电弧的储电能力和电弧电容对电压的敏感性。通过仿真为正确评估雷击环境下牵引系统特性研究提供理论数据，为提高牵引供电系统的安全运行奠定一定的技术基础。

关键词: 弓网电弧, 雷电流, 电力机车, 雷击, 降弓过程

Abstract:

In response to the safety issues caused by the arcing of heavy haul trains under lightning strikes, the actual traction system is taken as a reference, and a comprehensive model of the pantograph network arc of the traction system is established under lightning current and pantograph lowering motion environment through simulation. Based on two aspects of locomotive operation and arc characteristics, the changes in macro level power and high-voltage rectifier side current are studied. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph network arc are analyzed, and the impact of lightning strikes on the dynamic characteristics of current collection for heavy-duty locomotives with a speed of 73 km/h is evaluated. Through simulation and comparison, it is found that the arc in the lightning induced pantograph drop causes the pantograph power supply voltage to charge the parasitic capacitance of the cable. Due to the inductance of the locomotive high-voltage end equipment and the pantograph, the oscillation fluctuations and overvoltage peaks of the equivalent circuit are affected. There is hysteresis in the arc of lightning striking and lowering the bow. The input lightning current can cause changes in the inductance and capacitance of the traction system, as well as the capacitance of the plasma formed by the arc, thereby increasing the storage capacity of the arc and the sensitivity of the arc capacitance to voltage. Theoretical data for correctly evaluating the characteristics of traction systems in lightning strike environments are provided through simulation, which can lay a certain technical foundation for improving the safe operation of traction power supply systems.

Key words: Pantograph-catenary arc, lightning current, AC electric locomotive, lightning strike, pantograph dropping process

中图分类号:

TM561

曾晗, 朱彦锦, 姚智杰, 李萍, 符思雨, 韦宝泉, 肖钦文, 袁佳歆. 雷击降弓过程中机车受流动态特性研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(3): 126-134.

ZENG Han, ZHU Yanjin, YAO Zhijie, LI Ping, FU Siyu, WEI Baoquan, XIAO Qinwen, YUAN Jiaxin. Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Locomotive Current During Lightning Strike Bowfall[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(3): 126-134.

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计算条件	列车数值
110 kV系统短路容量/(MV·A)	750
110 kV系统供电设备容量/(MV·A)	180
220 kV系统短路容量/(MV·A)	2 000
220 kV系统供电设备容量/(MV·A)	350
牵引变压器容量/(MV·A)	31.5/40/50
阻抗电压(%)	10.5
列车时速/km	73
追踪间隔/min	7
供电臂长度/km	25
功率因数	0.8

设备	自电抗/(H·km^-1)	自电容/(μF·km^-1)
接触线	0.001 916 960	0.011 191 552
钢轨	0.001 728 444	0.032 906 230
正馈线	0.002 343 145	0.007 976 559

设备	互电抗/(H·km^-1)	互电容/(μF·km^-1)
接触线-钢轨	0.001 001 075	0.001 540 594 3
钢轨-正馈线	0.000 969 333	0.000 679 438 8
正馈线-接触线	0.001 101 409	0.002 041 018 9

计算条件	电弧参数数值
定时中断逻辑电阻/(×10^-6 Ω)	1.0
Cassie模型耗散功率P_loss/kW	180
Mayr模型耗散功率P_loss/kW	2 000
中断期电弧功率P₀/kW	0.995
线路电阻参数/(Ω·km^-1)	0.45
线路电感参数/(mH·km^-1)	1.21
线路电容参数/(μF·km^-1)	0.01

时间/ms	2倍雷击下高压端电压/V	7倍雷击下高压端电压/V	10倍雷击下高压端电压/V
2.100	-33.014	-33.014	-33.014
2.150	110.624	192.635	275.867
2.200	3.534	-5.208	-6.563
2.250	-38.519	-51.672	-5.503
2.300	-24.651	-29.706	-5.082
2.350	-19.877	-20.347	-34.130
2.400	-24.791	-27.384	-12.364
2.450	-28.286	-31.491	-10.322
2.500	-28.863	-31.533	-24.311