高铁新能源混合储能系统低碳经济优化运行研究*

doi:10.11985/2024.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“双碳”目标的全面推进，对新能源的需求日益增加，迫切需要推进铁路、新能源、储能的耦合互联，推动铁路低碳绿色发展。为此，提出一种高铁新能源混合储能系统低碳经济优化运行模型。首先，为进一步调动铁路行业的减碳积极性，将碳收益纳入到高铁系统运行模型中，并建立由钒电池和超级电容组成的混合储能系统数学模型；然后，采用拉丁超立方机会约束规划法处理新能源的不确定性，提出一种混合储能系统能量管理策略，以钒电池停止充放电阈值与储能容量配置参数为优化变量，以新能源混合储能系统在全寿命周期内为高铁系统带来的总净收益最大为优化目标，采用基于柯西变异的自适应粒子群算法对实际算例进行求解；最后，通过对比与分析，验证了所提方案和算法的有效性和优越性。

关键词: 高铁, 新能源, 碳收益, 混合储能, 不确定性

Abstract:

With the comprehensive promotion of the “dual carbon” goal, the demand for new energy is increasing day by day. It is urgent to promote the coupling and interconnection of railways, new energy, and energy storage, and promote railways’ low-carbon and green development. Therefore, a low-carbon economic optimization operation model of high-speed rail new energy hybrid energy storage system is proposed. Firstly, in order to further mobilize the enthusiasm of the railway industry for carbon reduction, the carbon benefits is incorporated into the operating model of the high-speed rail system, and a mathematical model of the hybrid energy storage system composed of vanadium batteries and supercapacitors is established. Then, the Latin hypercube random chance constrained programming method is used to deal with the uncertainty of new energy, an energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage system is proposed, the stop charging and discharging threshold of vanadium battery and the configuration parameters of energy storage capacity are taken as the optimization variables, and the maximum total net benefit of new energy hybrid energy storage system for the high-speed rail system in the whole life cycle is taken as the optimization objective, the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm based on Cauchy mutation is used to solve the practical example. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme and algorithm are verified through comparison and analysis.

Key words: High-speed railway, new energy, carbon benefits, hybrid energy storage, uncertainty

中图分类号:

TM922
TM61

李光耀, 袁佳歆, 甘栋良, 杨爱民. 高铁新能源混合储能系统低碳经济优化运行研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2024, 19(1): 67-78.

LI Guangyao, YUAN Jiaxin, GAN Dongliang, YANG Aimin. Research on Low-carbon Economy Optimization Operation of High-speed Railway New Energy Hybrid Energy Storage System[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2024, 19(1): 67-78.

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参数	钒电池	超级电容
单位功率成本/(元/kW)	9 300	1 860
单位容量成本/[元/(kW·h)]	10 000	12 400
单位功率运维成本/[元/(kW·年)]	124	80.6
单位容量运维成本/[元/(kW·h)]	0.013 4	0.013 4
单位容量替换成本/[元/(kW·h)]	10 000	12 400
单位功率报废成本/(元/kW)	500	93
单位容量报废成本/[元/(kW·h)]	0	0
循环使用寿命	13 000次	20年
充放电效率	0.75	0.95
SOC上下限	0.2~0.8	0.1~0.95

设备	参数	数值
风电	单位容量投资成本c_wt/(元/kW)	5 350
风电	运维成本c_wto/[元/(kW·h)]	0.05
光伏	单位容量投资成本c_pv/(元/kW)	3 000
光伏	运维成本c_pvo/[元/(kW·h)]	0.06
电费收益	电度电价c_e/[元/(kW·h)]	0.6
电费收益	基本电价c_o/[元/(kV·A)/天]	0.6

参数	方案一	方案二
钒电池额定容量/(kW·h)	5 700	14 040
钒电池额定功率/kW	2 850	5 850
超级电容额定容量/(kW·h)	161.57	183.74
超级电容额定功率/kW	9 863.72	12 661.6
碳收益/元	1.75×10⁷	9.5×10⁷
电度电费收益/元	4.35×10⁸	2.37×10⁹
基本电费收益/元	2.3×10⁷	3.52×10⁷
总净收益/元	-6.83×10⁷	1.37×10⁹
钒电池停止放电阈值/kW	2 850	5 850
钒电池停止充电阈值/kW	2 850	5 850

参数	方案一	方案二
钒电池额定容量/(kW·h)	5 700	14 040
钒电池额定功率/kW	2 850	5 850
超级电容额定容量/(kW·h)	161.57	183.74
超级电容额定功率/kW	9 863.72	12 661.6
碳收益/元	1.61×10⁷	8.74×10⁷
电度电费收益/元	4.35×10⁸	2.37×10⁹
基本电费收益/元	2.3×10⁷	3.52×10⁷
总净收益/元	-7.66×10⁷	1.35×10⁹
钒电池停止放电阈值/kW	2 850	5 850
钒电池停止充电阈值/kW	2 850	5 850

参数	PSO	AIWPSO	CMAPSO
运行次数	1 500	1 500	1 500
最优值/(×10⁹ 元)	1.28	1.36	1.37
平均值/(×10⁹ 元)	1.25	1.31	1.34
方差/×10¹⁵	5.33	5.37	4.95