基于结构参数优化的电机振动噪声的抑制研究*

doi:10.11985/2023.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在保证电机输出性能的基础上，通过优化电机定子结构并调节引起电机主要振动噪声的模态频率来避免电机发生共振，从而降低永磁同步电机的振动噪声。首先通过试验和仿真分析电机的振动噪声，确定引起电磁噪声的主要电磁力阶次；随后将电机的定子结构参数作为变量，通过对其进行敏感度分析选取高敏感度优化变量，建立优化变量的响应面模型；然后，基于所建立的响应面模型，利用遗传算法对所取变量进行参数优化，得到最优定子结构参数；最后，采用有限元法计算和分析电机优化前后的电机输出性能，并通过电机电磁振动噪声仿真验证优化方法的正确性，结果表明优化后的电机输出性能得到了明显提升且电机的振动噪声得到了有效抑制。

关键词: 内置式永磁同步电机, 振动噪声, 径向电磁力, 参数优化

Abstract:

With guaranteeing the motor output performance, by optimizing the motor stator structure, the modal frequency arousing the main vibration and noise of the motor is adjusted to avoid resonances, thereby reducing the vibration and noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. First, experiment and simulation are conducted to analyze the vibration and noise of the motor, based on which the main order of the electromagnetic force causing electromagnetic noise is determined. Next, taking the stator structural parameters of the motor as variables, the high-sensitivity optimization variables are selected through sensitivity analysis and the response surface model of the selected optimization variables is developed. Afterwards, based on the developed response surface model, the parameters of the variables are optimized by the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal structure parameters of the stator. Finally, the output performances of the motor before and after optimization are calculated and analyzed by the finite element method, the correctness of the optimization method is verified by the simulation of the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the motor. After optimization, the output performance of the motor is obviously improved and the vibration and noise of the motor are effectively suppressed.

Key words: Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, vibration and noise, radial electromagnetic force, parameter optimization

中图分类号:

TM351

王群京, 郑耀达, 刘先增. 基于结构参数优化的电机振动噪声的抑制研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(2): 16-25.

WANG Qunjing, ZHENG Yaoda, LIU Xianzeng. Research on Suppression of Motor Vibration and Noise Based on Structural Parameter Optimization[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(2): 16-25.

图/表 23

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

径向电磁力阶数"

序号	r
1	$u + v p$
2	$u + v p ± k Z$
3	$u + v p ± k Z$
4	$u + v p ± 2 k Z$

表2

表3

图5

图6

表4

优化变量的初始值与变化范围"

参数/mm	初始值	变化范围
$H S 0$	0.80	0.5~1
$H S 1$	0.21	0.2~0.3
$H S 2$	14.63	12~18
$B S 0$	1.90	1~3
$B S 1$	2.54	2~5
$B S 2$	4.46	4~6
$R$	2.23	2~3

表4

图7

表5

优化变量3水平参数表"

优化变量/mm	水平
优化变量/mm	-1	0	1
$H S 2$	12	15	18
$B S 0$	1	2	3
$B S 2$	4	5	6

表5

表6

优化变量的计算结果"

编号	水平			优化目标
编号	$H S 2 / mm$	$B S 0 / mm$	$B S 2 / mm$	$W F$	$V T$	$T avg t$
1	-1	-1	0	342.30	8.55	38.293 2
2	0	1	-1	171.40	14.66	33.811 2
3	0	-1	1	278.90	8.44	38.089 4
4	-1	1	0	395.70	14.96	33.891 0
5	0	1	1	219.70	14.71	33.743 4
6	0	-1	-1	226.91	8.36	38.326 0
7	0	0	0	248.20	11.40	36.527 1
8	1	0	-1	873	10.96	36.411 0
9	-1	0	-1	384.50	11.46	36.607 1
10	-1	0	1	334.10	11.42	36.301 7
11	1	1	0	861.70	14.68	33.692 6
12	1	0	1	942.70	11.43	36.058 1
13	1	-1	0	922.30	8.54	37.800 4

表6

图8

图9

图10

图11

表7

电机结构参数优化前后对比"

结构参数	优化前	优化后
$H S 2 / mm$	14.63	15.411 3
$B S 0 / mm$	1.90	1.016 9
$B S 2 / mm$	4.46	5.720 0

表7

图12

图13

图14

图15

表8

参考文献 21

[1]	王晓远, 贺晓钰, 高鹏. 电动汽车用V型磁钢转子永磁电机的电磁振动噪声削弱方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(16):4919-4926.
	WANG Xiaoyuan, HE Xiaoyu, GAO Peng. Research on electromagnetic vibration and noise reduction method of V-shaped magnet rotor permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(16):4919-4926.
[2]	徐珂, 应红亮, 黄苏融, 等. 转子分段斜极对永磁同步电机电磁噪声的削弱影响[J]. 浙江大学学报, 2019, 53(11):2248-2254.
	XU Ke, YING Hongliang, HUANG Surong, et al. Electromagnetic noise reduction of permanent magnet synchronous motor by step-skewed rotor[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University, 2019, 53(11):2248-2254.
[3]	罗玉涛, 卢若皓. 基于结构参数分级优化的电机电磁噪声抑制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(14):2957-2970.
	LUO Yutao, LU Ruohao. Hierarchical optimization of structural parameters for motor electromagnetic noise suppression[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(14):2957-2970.
[4]	李岩, 李双鹏, 周吉威, 等. 基于定子齿削角的近极槽永磁同步电机振动噪声削弱方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(6):45-52.
	LI Yan, LI Shuangpeng, ZHOU Jiwei, et al. Weakening approach of the vibration and noise based on the stator tooth chamfering in PMSM with similar number of poles and slots[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(6):45-52.
[5]	钱喆, 唐光华, 王群京, 等. 转子结构优化削弱车用永磁同步电机振动噪音[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2021, 25(10):122-129.
	QIAN Zhe, TANG Guanghua, WANG Qunjing, et al. Rotor structure optimization reduces vibration and noise of vehicle permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2021, 25(10):122-129.
[6]	WANG Xiaoyuan, SUN Xibin, GAO Peng. Study on the effects of rotor-step skewing on the vibration and noise of a PMSM for electric vehicles[J]. IET Electric Power Applications, 2019, 14(1):131. doi: 10.1049/elp2.v14.1
[7]	邢泽智, 王秀和, 赵文良. 基于不同极弧系数组合分段倾斜磁极的表贴式永磁同步电机齿槽转矩削弱措施研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(16):5737-5748.
	XING Zezhi, WANG Xiuhe, ZHAO Wenliang. Research on reduction methods of cogging torque based on segmented skewing magnetic poles with different combinations of pole-arc coefficients in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(16):5737-5748.
[8]	ZUO Shuguang, LIN Fu, WU Xudong. Noise analysis,calculation,and reduction of external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(10):6204-6212. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2426135
[9]	张冉, 王秀和, 乔东伟, 等. 基于辅助槽的永磁电机激振力波削弱方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(18):103-108.
	ZHANG Ran, WANG Xiuhe, QIAO Dongwei, et al. Reduction of exciting force wave for permanent magnet motors by teeth notching[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(18):103-108.
[10]	COROVIC S, MILJAVEC D. Modal analysis and rotor-dynamics of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor:An experimental and theoretical study[J]. Applied Sciences-Basel, 2020, 10(17):5881.
[11]	DENG W, ZUO S. Electromagnetic vibration and noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles:An overview[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2019, 5(1):59-70. doi: 10.1109/TTE.2018.2875481
[12]	王凯, 孙海阳, 张露锋, 等. 永磁同步电机转子磁极优化技术综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(24):7304-7317.
	WANG Kai, SUN Haiyang, ZHANG Lufeng, et al. An overview of rotor pole optimization techniques for permanent magnet synchronous machines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(24):7304-7317.
[13]	韩雪岩, 张新刚, 朱龙飞, 等. 内置式多层磁钢永磁同步电机振动噪声抑制措施[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2021, 25(8):67-75.
	HAN Xueyan, ZHANG Xingang, ZHU Longfei, et al. Measures to reduce vibration and noise of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with multilayer permanent magnets[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2021, 25(8):67-75.
[14]	左曙光, 马琮淦, 何融, 等. 车用永磁同步电机径向力波灵敏度分析和优化[J]. 振动.测试与诊断, 2013, 33(3):357-363.
	ZUO Shuguang, MA Conggan, HE Rong, et al. Sensitivity analysis and optimization of radial force wave of permanent magnet synchronous motor for vehicle[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis, 2013, 33(3):357-363.
[15]	林福, 左曙光, 吴旭东, 等. 基于阶次分析的永磁同步电机噪声源识别[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(17):69-76.
	LIN Fu, ZUO Shuguang, WU Xudong, et al. Noise source recognition of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on order analysis[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(17):69-76.
[16]	马琮淦, 左曙光, 孙庆, 等. 考虑时间谐波电流的永磁同步电机电磁噪声阶次特征分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(15):108-113.
	MA Conggan, ZUO Shuguang, SUN Qing, et al. Order feature analysis of electromagnetic noise in a permanent magnet synchronous motor considering current harmonics[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(15):108-113.
[17]	林巨广, 吴梦. 基于模态分析的永磁同步电机噪声研究[J]. 机械设计, 2020, 37(3):33-38. doi: 10.13841/j.cnki.jxsj.2020.03.006
	LIN Juguang, WU Meng. Research on the noise of permanent magnet synchronous motors based on the modal analysis[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2020, 37(3):33-38. doi: 10.13841/j.cnki.jxsj.2020.03.006
[18]	马琮淦, 左曙光, 杨德良, 等. 电动车用永磁同步电机的转矩阶次特征分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(13):81-87.
	MA Conggan, ZUO Shuguang, YANG Deliang, et al. Order feature analysis for torque ripple of permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(13):81-87.
[19]	ZHAO Wenxiang, MA Anqi, JI Jinghua, et al. Multi-objective optimization of a double-side linear vernier PM motor using response surface method and differential evolution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, 67(1):80-90. doi: 10.1109/TIE.41
[20]	李争, 张璐, 王群京, 等. 基于响应面法的永磁转子偏转式三自由度电动机结构参数的优化设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(13):134-142.
	LI Zheng, ZHANG Lu, WANG Qunjing, et al. Optimal design of structure parameters of three-DOF deflection type PM motor based on response surface methodology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(13):134-142.
[21]	ISLAM R, HUSAIN I. Analytical model for predicting noise and vibration in permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2010, 46(6):2346-2354. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2070473

参数	数值
额定功率/kW	28
定子内径/mm	121
定子外径/mm	180
定子槽数/极数	48/8
铁心长度/mm	100
绕组层数	2

序号	6f	12 f	18 f	24 f
1	5/-5, 7/7	11/-11, 13/13	17/-17, 19/19	23/-23, 25/25
2	5/7, 5/-17	11/1, 11/-23	17/-5, 17/-29	23/-11
3	7/5, 7/19	13/1, 13/25	19/7	25/13
4	5/19, 7/-17	11/13, 13/-11	17/7, 19/-5	23/1, 25/1

	优化前	优化后	优化效果
最大值/dB	85.08	71.22	16.3%↓
平均值/dB	54.14	50.20	7.3%↓