电动汽车高性能永磁电机转矩脉动与电磁振动抑制方法研究*

doi:10.11985/2021.04.006

电气工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 42-50.doi: 10.11985/2021.04.006

• 特邀专栏：高性能永磁电机驱动与控制 • 上一篇下一篇

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电动汽车高性能永磁电机转矩脉动与电磁振动抑制方法研究^*

王道涵(), 彭晨(), 王秀和()

山东大学电气工程学院济南 250061

收稿日期:2021-06-15 修回日期:2021-09-27 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-02-10
通讯作者: 王道涵 E-mail:dhwang@sdu.edu.cn;pengchen@mail.sdu.edu.cn;wangxhpmsm@163.com
作者简介:* 王道涵,男,1980年生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为新能源电驱动系统设计与控制。E-mail： dhwang@sdu.edu.cn
彭晨,男,1994年生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为新能源电驱动系统设计与控制。E-mail： pengchen@mail.sdu.edu.cn
王秀和,男,1967年生,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为永磁电机驱动系统及其设计。E-mail： wangxhpmsm@163.com
基金资助:
* 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2019JQ20)

Research on Different Design Approaches to Mitigate Torque Ripple and Electromagnetic Vibration for High-performance Electric Vehicle Traction Machine

WANG Daohan(), PENG Chen(), WANG Xiuhe()

School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061

Received:2021-06-15 Revised:2021-09-27 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-02-10
Contact: WANG Daohan E-mail:dhwang@sdu.edu.cn;pengchen@mail.sdu.edu.cn;wangxhpmsm@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转矩脉动和电磁振动是制约内置式永磁同步电动机在电动汽车领域应用的两项重要因素,目前工程中通常采用定子斜槽或转子磁极分段方法对其进行抑制。对定子斜槽和转子磁极分段两种方法进行了全面的分析和对比,为高性能电动汽车永磁电机尤其是内置式永磁电机的转矩脉动和电磁振动抑制提供技术参考。通过有限元模型全面对比了两种电机的齿槽转矩、反电动势、电感参数、磁阻转矩、不同供电方式下瞬态转矩等多方面电磁性能;建立了电机的耦合多物理场模型,分别计算对比了激振力、模态频率和振动加速度响应等电磁振动属性。最后,分别制作了转子磁极分段电机和斜槽电机样机,进行了全面的电机试验,并与仿真结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,转子磁极分段电机在大负载大惯量的工况下能够达到与斜槽电机相近的力能品质,且对电磁振动具有较好的抑制效果。相比斜槽电机,转子磁极分段电机有助于降低电机加工的成本与难度,受轴向长度的制约较小。

关键词: 电动汽车驱动系统, 内置式永磁同步电机, 电磁振动, 转矩脉动

Abstract:

Torque ripple and vibration are two leading limiting factors for interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines using in electric vehicles (EVs). At present, the skewing slots and segmented rotor methods are favored by EV traction motor manufacturers. These two methods are comprehensively analyzed and compared to provide technical reference for the torque ripple and electromagnetic vibration suppression of high-performance EV permanent magnet motors, especially IPM machines. Extensive performance comparisons in terms of cogging torque, back-EMF, reluctance torque, and instantaneous torque, are carried out. Besides, multi-physical field coupling models are established to compare the vibration properties including exciting force, modal frequencies, and vibration response. Finally, the skewing slot machine and segmented rotor machine are prototyped, and extensive experimental tests are done to verify the validity and reliability of the analysis and comparison. The research results indicate that the segmented rotor machine can achieve the same force quality as that of the skewing slot machine and greatly reduce the electromagnetic vibration. Besides, the application of the segmented rotor approach is not limited by the axial length, and it has a lower processing cost.

Key words: Electric vehicle traction system, interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine, electromagnetic vibration, torque ripple

中图分类号:

TM351

王道涵, 彭晨, 王秀和. 电动汽车高性能永磁电机转矩脉动与电磁振动抑制方法研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2021, 16(4): 42-50.

WANG Daohan, PENG Chen, WANG Xiuhe. Research on Different Design Approaches to Mitigate Torque Ripple and Electromagnetic Vibration for High-performance Electric Vehicle Traction Machine[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(4): 42-50.

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参考文献 15

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参数	数值
定子槽数z	48
转子极对数p	4
定子外径R_os/mm	90
定子内径R_is/mm	61.6
转子外径R_or/mm	61.1
转子内径R_ir/mm	20
气隙长度g/mm	0.5
轴向长度L_ax/mm	96
极弧系数α_p	0.74
额定功率P/kW	10
额定转速n_N/(r/min)	3 000
额定转矩T_N/(N·m)	32
永磁体厚度T_PM/mm	5.1
永磁体长度L_PM/mm	17.6

参数	原始电机	定子斜槽电机	磁极分段电机
磁阻转矩峰值/ (N·m)	3.86	2.86	3.21
磁阻转矩平均值/ (N·m)	1.31	1.30	1.31
矩角特性峰值/ (N·m)	27.57	21.05	22.15
矩角特性平均值/ (N·m)	13.75	13.61	13.64

参数		原始电机	斜槽电机	磁极分段电机
三相正弦电流注入	峰-峰值/ (N·m)	23.67~34.12	28.11~29.40	28.05~29.72
	平均值/ (N·m)	29.47	28.69	29.10
	脉动比例(%)	35.46	4.49	5.75
SVPWM FOC 控制	峰-峰值/ (N·m)	25.79~37.82	30.68~33.46	30.43~33.78
	平均值/ (N·m)	32.00	32.00	32.00
	脉动比例(%)	37.60	8.68	10.47

阶次	定子类型	频率/Hz
n=2	直槽定子	605.21
n=2	斜槽定子	605.58
n=3	直槽定子	1 629.2
n=3	斜槽定子	1 631.1
n=4	直槽定子	2 894.9
n=4	斜槽定子	2 871.5

参数		定子斜槽电机	磁极分段电机
矩角特性	峰值/(N·m)	20.61	20.64
矩角特性	平均值/(N·m)	12.07	12.02
瞬态转矩	平均值/(N·m)	32.59	32.49
瞬态转矩	脉动比例(%)	13.0	16.1

电动汽车高性能永磁电机转矩脉动与电磁振动抑制方法研究^*

Research on Different Design Approaches to Mitigate Torque Ripple and Electromagnetic Vibration for High-performance Electric Vehicle Traction Machine

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