停车场电动汽车用户侧最优V2G控制策略研究

电气工程学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (10): 44-51.

停车场电动汽车用户侧最优V2G控制策略研究

刘晓飞¹,崔淑梅¹,李锦瑭¹,高唯峰¹,徐石明²

^1. 哈尔滨工业大学电气工程及自动化学院哈尔滨 150080
^2. 国网电力科学研究院南京 211000

收稿日期:2015-06-15 出版日期:2015-10-25 发布日期:2020-01-03
作者简介:刘晓飞, 男 1983年生,博士研究生,主要从事电动汽车V2G及智能充放电管理的研究。|崔淑梅, 女 1964年生,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为电机驱动与控制、电动汽车电气系统理论与技术、电机与电器智能测试及故障诊断。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金中英合作项目(51361130153);国家能源应用技术研究及工程示范项目资助(NY20110703–1)

Research on Electric Vehicle User-Side Optimization V2G Control Strategy in Parking Lot

Liu Xiaofei¹,Cui Shumei¹,Li Jintang¹,Gao Weifeng¹,Xu Shiming²

^1. Harbin Institute of Technology 150080 China
^2. State Grid Electric Power Research Institute 211000 China

Received:2015-06-15 Online:2015-10-25 Published:2020-01-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了停车场应用场合下,电动汽车用户V2G运行如何实现收益最大化的问题。从用户角度对几种电力服务进行了比较,并分析出适合V2G运行的服务类型。针对慢速充电和V2G调频,以用户收益最大化为目标函数,考虑了频繁充放电对电池的损耗影响,提出了一种基于最优合约的V2G控制策略。最后,通过算例分别从个体用户和停车场的角度对收益进行了分析。

关键词: 电动汽车, 停车场, 用户侧最优, V2G控制策略

Abstract:

The problem how to realize EV user′s profit maximization is studied when V2G is operating in parking lot. Several electric services are compared from user′s side, and services suitable for V2G are found. Aiming at low power charging and V2G frequency regulation, taking profit maximization as the objective function, V2G control strategy based on optimal contract is proposed considering the effect of frequent charging and discharging on EV battery degradation. Finally, a computing example is given and profit analysis is conducted for single EV user and V2G parking lot.

Key words: Electric vehicle, parking lot, user-side optimization, V2G control strategy

中图分类号:

TM74

刘晓飞,崔淑梅,李锦瑭,高唯峰,徐石明. 停车场电动汽车用户侧最优V2G控制策略研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(10): 44-51.

Liu Xiaofei,Cui Shumei,Li Jintang,Gao Weifeng,Xu Shiming. Research on Electric Vehicle User-Side Optimization V2G Control Strategy in Parking Lot[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10(10): 44-51.

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参考文献 11

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服务类型	持续时长	方向切换频繁程度	响应时间	连续间断
基本负荷	24h	低	—	连续
调峰	3?5h	低	<1h	间断
旋转备用	10min~2h	低	<10min	间断
非旋转备用	10min~2h	低	<30min	间断
二次调频	10~15min	高	<5min	连续

参数	意义
tkarr	用户到达时间
tkdep	用户预计离开时间
SOCk(0)	电动汽车初始SOC
SOCkE	离开时,期望电池SOC
SOCkH	电池SOC最高限值
SOCkL	电池SOC最低限值
Capkbattery/kW·h	电动汽车电池标称容量

参数	意义
k	第k辆电动汽车
TkV2G / h	V2G有效服务时段区间
SOCk(t)	电池SOC随时间变化值
N(t) /辆	停车场内电动汽车的数量
Akdis(t) / kW	t时刻,可用调频功率（放电）
Ak ch(t) / kW	t时刻,可用调频功率（充电）
Pmax ch / kW	最大充电功率
Pmax dis / kW	最大放电功率
POPk(t) / kW	充放电基点功率
πRD(t) / ($/kW·h)	向下调频服务电价
πRU(t) / ($/kW·h)	向上调频服务电价
πe(t) / ($/kW·h)	能量电价
WkE(t) / kW·h	各时段能量的均变化量
η	充放电效率
Sref(t)	规一化的调频控制指令
Ech	向下调频发生概率的期望值
Edis	向上调频发生概率的期望值
	（续）
fch	向下调频发生概率
fdis	向上调频发生概率
CostkV2G / $	电池损耗成本
J k(t) / $	第k辆车在t时段内的收益
J ktotal / $	停车期间电动汽车的总收益

电动汽车参数	数值
电池类型	Li-ion
储能容量/ kW·h	24
续驶里程/ km	160
行驶效率/ (km/kW·h)	6.7

区域	净收益/$	调频收益/$	充电支出/$	电池损耗/$
工商业区	317.8	601.2	-12.4	-271.0
居民区	116.5	567.5	-68.4	-382.7