规模化储能技术在电力系统中的需求与应用分析

doi:10.11985/2017.08.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展规模化储能是满足日益增长的电力需求、电网削峰填谷以及增加可再生能源并网消纳的重要途径,储能技术在电网中的应用将大幅提高电网运行的安全性、可靠性、经济性和灵活性。本文首先介绍几种适合规模化发展的储能技术类型,对比分析了这些储能技术的优缺点,指出了影响规模化储能应用的因素。通过分析规模化储能五种最具潜力的电网应用模式：调频、新能源消纳、延缓电网投资建设、负荷跟踪平滑和削峰填谷,给出了储能应用所需的技术和经济指标要求。最后展望了规模化储能发展应用需要解决的问题和挑战,为储能技术研究和产业发展提供了参考。

关键词: 规模化储能, 新能源消纳, 延缓输配电投资, 负荷跟踪, 削峰填谷

Abstract:

Development of grid-scale energy storage is an important access to meet the growing demand for electricity arising, electric energy time shift, and the grid integration of high penetrations of renewable energy. Energy storage applications in grid will significantly improve the security of grid operation, reliability, economy and flexibility. In this paper several energy storage technology types suitable for grid-scale development are described, and a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these energy storage technologies are made, the factors that influence the grid-scale energy storage applications are pointed out. Five grid-scale energy storage applications that have the greatest overall potential to benefit power system planning and operations are analyzed include of frequency regulation, renewables grid integration, transmission and distribution upgrade deferral and substitution, load following, and electric energy time shift. Through analyzing these applications, some storage technologies certain economic, technical performance, and design targets in order to optimize grid functionality are given out. Finally, some problems and challenges are presented in the development of grid-scale energy storage applications need to be addressed, and a guidance to the energy storage technology research and industrial development is provided.

Key words: Grid-scale energy storage technology, renewables grid integration, transmission and distribution upgrade deferral, load following, load shifting

中图分类号:

TM727

吴盛军,徐青山,袁晓冬,陈兵,李强. 规模化储能技术在电力系统中的需求与应用分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2017, 12(8): 10-15.

Wu Shengjun,Xu Qingshan,Yuan Xiaodong,Chen Bing,Li Qiang. An Analysis of Requirements and Applications of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technology in Power System[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2017, 12(8): 10-15.

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储能技术	优点	缺点	功率型	能量型
飞轮储能	高功率	低能量密度	★★★	☆☆☆
超级电容储能	长寿命、高功率	低能量密度	★★★	☆☆☆
铅酸电池	低成本	寿命短	★★☆	★★☆
钠硫电池	高功率、高能量密度	高成本、高温运行	★★☆	★★☆
锂电池	高功率、高能量密度	高成本、电池管理	★★☆	★★☆
压缩空气储能	高能量、低成本	选址要求	★☆☆	★★★
抽水蓄能	高能量、低成本	选址要求	★☆☆	★★★

名称	指标要求	指标解析
响应时间	<1s	储能技术上完全能快速响应电网输出指令
循环效率	75%~90%	效率指输入能量除以输出能量
系统寿命	10年	每年4 500~7 000次循环
放电时间	15min~2h	容量有限,需要充放平衡

名称	指标要求	指标解析
循环效率	75%~90%	效率指输入能量除以输出能量
系统寿命	10年	寿命跟储能类型和循环次数有关,较理想寿命周期为10年
容量	1~20MW	储能容量配置与新能源类型和规模有关
响应时间	1~2s	储能快速响应能更好平滑新能源出力波动

名称	指标要求	指标解析
放电时长	2~4h	存储几个小时电能用于平抑电力需求
容量	1~100MW	替代输电系统需要配置的储能容量大于100MW
可靠性	99.9%	储能系统要求与输配电系统一样可靠
寿命	10年	系统寿命达到10年,同时容易升级改造

名称	指标要求	指标解析
运维费用	3 250元/MW·h	储能高性能响应对应高成本费用
放电时长	2~6h	2h额定放电容量,4~6h负荷跟踪运行能力