轨道交通滑动电接触材料的研究进展*

doi:10.11985/2023.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

摩擦副材料是滑动电接触的核心问题和前沿研究热点。接触线和受电弓滑板作为轨道交通电接触中典型的滑动摩擦副，是高速列车获取电能的关键装置，其材料的性能直接影响着弓网电接触系统的受流质量和电力机车的安全稳定运行。目前，随着高速铁路的快速发展，亟需研发综合性能优异的轨道交通弓网滑动电接触材料。本文介绍了轨道交通滑动电接触材料的性能要求，回顾了国内外接触线和受电弓滑板的发展历程，总结了接触线和受电弓滑板材料在制备工艺技术等方面研究进展及存在的问题，展望了轨道交通滑动电接触材料的发展趋势，并提出了未来的研究重点。

关键词: 轨道交通, 滑动电接触, 接触线, 受电弓滑板, 电接触材料

Abstract:

The friction material is the core issue of sliding electrical contact and the hot spot of cutting-edge research. As the typical sliding frictional pairs in the electric contact of rail transport, the contact wire and pantograph slide plate are the key devices for high-speed trains to obtain electric energy, and the performance of their materials directly affects the quality of the electric contact system of the bow network and the safe and stable operation of electric locomotives. At present, with the rapid development of high-speed railway, there is an urgent need to research and develop sliding electrical contact materials for rail transit bow network with excellent comprehensive performance. The performance requirements of rail transit sliding electrical contact materials are introduced, the development history of contact wire and pantograph slide plate at home and abroad are reviewed, the research progress and problems in preparation process technology and other aspects of contact wire and pantograph slide plate materials are summarized, the development trend of rail transit sliding electrical contact materials are looked forward and future research focus are put forward.

Key words: Rail transit, sliding electrical contact, contact wire, pantograph slider, electric contact materials

中图分类号:

U225

王向飞, 高国强, 杨泽锋, 贺书航, 马亚光, 董克亮, 魏文赋, 吴广宁. 轨道交通滑动电接触材料的研究进展^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(3): 2-17.

WANG Xiangfei, GAO Guoqiang, YANG Zefeng, HE Shuhang, MA Yaguang, DONG Keliang, WEI Wenfu, WU Guangning. Research Progress in Sliding Electrical Contact Materials for Rail Transit[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(3): 2-17.

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接触线	参数	备注
张力/kN	25~30	设计计算假设条件如下： ① 安全系数为2.2； ② 张力差为10%； ③ 张截为120 mm²
密度/(kg·mm^-2)	1.1~1.2
常温抗拉强度/MPa	600~700
拉断力/kN	70~85
电导率(%)IACS	80~95
高温抗拉强度下降率(%)	10.0
耐磨、耐腐蚀性	与铜接触线相当

接触导线的种类	抗拉强度/MPa	电导率(% IACS)
GLCA-100/215	≥182	≥43.6
CGLN-250(钢铝)	≥216	≥46.3
TA-196(钢铝)	≥350	≥46.5
GT-CS110	≥655	≥60.2
GT-CSD110	≥493	≥81.1

国别	型号	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	硬度 HS	电阻率/ (μΩ·m)	抗折强度/ MPa	抗压强度/ MPa
中国	C_26P	2.74~3.25	93.5	7.5	103.5	370
英国	MY7D	2.4	96	8	113	420