弓网滑动电接触失效的影响因素分析与研究*

doi:10.11985/2023.02.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究影响因素对弓网滑动电接触失效的影响程度问题，采用自制的滑动电接触试验机对试验数据进行测量。首先，使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数分析各因素和电流稳定系数之间的相关性；其次，采用RF、LightGBM和XGBoost算法对影响弓网滑动电接触失效的因素进行重要性排序；最后，利用网格搜索和交叉验证方法对XGBoost模型的参数进行调优，为了解影响因素对GC-XGBoost模型预测结果的影响，引入SHAP归因理论对模型进行解释分析。结果表明，弓网滑动电接触失效的影响因素重要度从高到低依次为波动压力幅值、接触电流、滑动速度和波动频率；XGBoost模型的各评价指标值相较于其他模型最优，经优化后的GC-XGBoost模型的拟合度提高了5.72%，误差精度达到最低；SHAP模型从整体与局部揭示了影响因素对滑动电接触失效的影响规律，帮助研究人员更好地解决电气化铁路中弓网系统接触失效的问题。

关键词: 弓网滑动电接触, 电流稳定系数, 斯皮尔曼等级相关系数, 网格搜索, 交叉验证

Abstract:

In order to study the influence degree of influencing elements on pantograph-catenary sliding electrical contact failure, the self-made sliding electrical contact experimental machine is used to measure the experimental data. Firstly, the correlation between each factor and current stability coefficient is analyzed by using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Secondly, the significance of the influencing elements of pantograph-catenary sliding electrical contact failure is ranked by the use of RF, LightGBM and XGBoost algorithms. Finally, the grid search and cross validation strategies are used to optimize the parameters of the XGBoost model. In order to understand the influence of influencing factors on the prediction results of GC-XGBoost model, SHAP attribution theory is added to explain and analyze the model. The results show that the order of importance of influencing factors of pantograph-catenary sliding electrical contact failure is fluctuating pressure amplitude, contact current, sliding speed and fluctuation frequency from high to low. Compared with other models, the evaluation index values of XGBoost model are the best, and the fitting degree of the optimized GC-XGBoost model is improved by 5.72%, and the error accuracy is the lowest. SHAP model reveals the influence law of influencing factors on sliding electrical contact failure from the whole and local aspects, and helps researchers better solve the contact failure problem of pantograph-catenary system of electrified railway.

Key words: Pantograph-catenary sliding electrical contact, current stability coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, grid search, cross validation

中图分类号:

TM501

回立川, 陈雪莲, 孟嗣博. 弓网滑动电接触失效的影响因素分析与研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(2): 277-286.

HUI Lichuan, CHEN Xuelian, MENG Sibo. Analysis and Research on Influencing Factors of Pantograph-catenary Sliding Electrical Contact Failure[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(2): 277-286.

图/表 17

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表1

模型性能对比"

模型	MAE	MAPE	RMSE	$R 2$
SVR	0.064 0	0.135 4	0.004 1	0.758 1
RF	0.048 5	0.070 9	0.002 1	0.858 7
LightGBM	0.099 5	0.142 5	0.009 9	0.420 4
XGBoost	0.026 5	0.063 5	0.000 7	0.888 2

表1

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参数名	默认值	最优值
colsample_bytree	1	0.82
subsample	1	0.53
n_estimators	100	95
learning_rate	0.1	0.06
max_depth	3	4