电气化交通中的微型燃机及其电能变换技术综述

doi:10.11985/2022.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“双碳目标”的提出与节能减排需求的持续增长,以商用车辆、军用载具为代表的重载车辆也在逐步向电气化迈进。然而,在常规交通工具中广泛使用的锂电池、柴油发电机等普遍存在能量密度低、供电质量差等问题,无法满足新一代重载车辆的长续航、高机动、低噪声需求。微型燃机系统因其多燃料适配、低燃料消耗、低噪声、低排放、低振动等特点得到了广泛关注与快速发展,并在多个民用与军用电气化交通领域成功应用。围绕交通电气化背景,介绍了微型燃机技术在电气化交通的重要地位,并重点对微型燃机中的电能变换拓扑与控制技术进行总结归纳,通过凝练微型燃机中电能变换技术现阶段面临的主要挑战与亟待解决的问题,指出现有面向微型燃机应用的电能变换方案效果和优劣势,并对未来发展方向进行总结与展望。

关键词: 微型燃机, 电能变换技术, 功率密度, 控制方式

Abstract:

With the proposal of the “Dual-Carbon Goal” and the continuous growth of demand for energy conservation and emission reduction, heavy-duty vehicles represented by commercial vehicles and military vehicles are also gradually moving towards electrification. However, lithium batteries and diesel generators, which are widely used in conventional vehicles, generally have problems such as low energy density and poor power supply quality, which cannot meet the long-range, high-mobility, and low-noise requirements of the new generation of heavy-duty vehicles. Micro gas turbine systems have received extensive attention and rapid development due to their multi-fuel adaptation, low fuel consumption, low noise, low emissions, and low vibration, and have been successfully applied in many civil and military electrified transportation fields. Focusing on the background of transportation electrification, this paper introduces the important position of micro gas turbine technology in electrified transportation, and focuses on summarizing the power conversion topology and control technology in micro gas turbines. The challenges and urgent problems to be solved are pointed out, and the effects, advantages and disadvantages of the existing electric energy conversion solutions for micro gas turbine applications are pointed out, and the future development direction is summarized and prospected.

Key words: Micro gas turbine, electric energy conversion technology, power density, control method

中图分类号:

TM921

徐贺, 包贤哲, 王连杰, 李楚杉, 李武华, 赵梦恋. 电气化交通中的微型燃机及其电能变换技术综述[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(2): 2-18.

XU He, BAO Xianzhe, WANG Lianjie, LI Chushan, LI Wuhua, ZHAO Menglian. Overview of Micro-gas Turbines in Electrified Transportation and Their Electric Energy Conversion Technology[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(2): 2-18.

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序号	部件	成本占比(%)
1	压缩机和涡轮机	13~15
2	燃烧室	8~11
3	轴承	3~4
4	换热器	21~24
5	高速发电机	9~11
6	电力电子和控制单元	22~24
7	外壳和辅机	17~20

序号	部件	成本占比(%)
1	压缩机和涡轮机	25
2	燃烧室	8
3	轴承	1
4	换热器	25
5	高速发电机	5
6	电力电子和控制单元	25
7	外壳和辅机	11

条目	Ballard	Bowman	Capstone	Delta	KEB	Danfoss	Oztek	Celeroton
国家和地区	加拿大	英国	美国	中国台湾	德国	丹麦	美国	瑞士
变流器拓扑	2L	2L	2L	2L	2L	2L	2L/3L	2L/3L/PAM
功率器件	IGBTs	IGBTs	IGBTs	IGBTs	IGBTs	IGBTs	IGBTs	IGBT/ SiC
开关频率/kHz	4~8	8	未知	6~9	8~16	12	20	20~40
最大基波频率/Hz	未知	未知	未知	600	1200	600	1000	未知
功率等级/kW	10~110	60, 80	未知	全范围覆盖	50~250 kV·A	全范围覆盖	30~200 kV·A	20~50 kV·A
冷却方式	水冷	强制风冷	强制风冷	强制风冷	水冷	强制风冷	水冷	水冷
LC滤波器体积	大	大	大	大	大	大	较小	较小

条目	KEB	Danfoss	Oztek	Delta	Zinsight
功率等级/kW	200	200	160	200	220
尺寸/mm	2 200×2 000×600	2 200×3 000×600	1 200×700×450	2 200×3 500×600	1 100×700×450