牵引变压器油纸绝缘热老化及仿真模拟研究*

doi:10.11985/2023.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热应力是导致牵引变压器油纸绝缘材料性能劣化的主要因素之一，同时也影响着牵引变压器乃至整个动车组列车的安全稳定运行。以45号绝缘油和Nomex T410绝缘纸作为试验对象，基于车载牵引变压器的实际运行工况，首先对其进行加速热老化试验，测试绝缘油在不同老化周期的击穿电压、介质损耗因数、微水含量和油中溶解气体，研究了绝缘油的热老化特性，发现材料的绝缘性能随老化时间增加而降低，在第20个老化周期左右绝缘油已完全劣化，测试值均超过指标。其次进行ReaxFF反应分子动力学仿真模拟，揭示油纸绝缘在热老化过程中小分子物质产生的机理和路径，从微观层面为此类变压器的油中溶解气体分析方法提供理论支持和参考，结果表明，油纸混合绝缘系统的热解产物包含H₂、CH₄、C₂H₆、C₂H₄、CO、CO₂、H₂O和CO₂H₂。

关键词: 动车组变压器, 油纸绝缘, 热老化, 反应分子动力学, 油中溶解气体

Abstract:

Thermal stress is one of the main factors leading to the deterioration of the oil paper insulation material of traction transformer, and also affects the safe and stable operation of traction transformer and the whole EMU train. No. 45 insulating oil and Nomex T410 insulating paper are taken as test objects. Based on the actual operating conditions of the vehicle traction transformer, the accelerated thermal aging test is firstly carried out to test the breakdown voltage, dielectric loss factor, moisture content and dissolved gas in the oil in different aging cycles. It is found that the insulation performance of the material decreases with the aging time. The insulation oil deteriorates completely around the 20th aging cycle, and the test value exceeds the index. Secondly, the ReaxFF reaction molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to reveal the mechanism and path of the generation of small and medium molecular substances in the process of thermal aging of oil-paper insulation, which provides theoretical support and reference for the analysis method of dissolved gas in oil of this kind of transformer from the microscopic level. The results show that the pyrolysis products of the oil-paper mixed insulation system include H₂, CH₄, C₂H₆, C₂H₄, CO, CO₂, H₂O and CO₂H₂.

Key words: EMU transformer, oil-paper insulation, thermal aging, reaction molecular dynamics, dissolved gas in oil

中图分类号:

TM855

陈学军, 方亚楠, 聂文鹏, 刘凯, 蔡国强, 高波, 高国强, 吴广宁. 牵引变压器油纸绝缘热老化及仿真模拟研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(3): 109-116.

CHEN Xuejun, FANG Yanan, NIE Wenpeng, LIU Kai, CAI Guoqiang, GAO Bo, GAO Guoqiang, WU Guangning. Study on Thermal Aging and Simulation of Oil-paper Insulation for Traction Transformers[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(3): 109-116.

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序号	名称	成分来源
1	H₂	① 45号绝缘油 ② Nomex T410绝缘纸 ③ 纸+油
2	CH₄	① 45号绝缘油 ② Nomex T410绝缘纸 ③ 纸+油
3	C₂H₆	① 45号绝缘油 ② Nomex T410绝缘纸 ③ 纸+油
4	C₂H₄	① 45号绝缘油 ② Nomex T410绝缘纸 ③ 纸+油
5	CO	① Nomex T410绝缘纸 ② 纸+油
6	CO₂	① Nomex T410绝缘纸 ② 纸+油
7	H₂O	① Nomex T410绝缘纸 ② 纸+油
8	CO₂H₂	Nomex T410绝缘纸