新型简单凸极转子双定子无刷双馈发电机的设计与分析*

doi:10.11985/2022.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来无刷双馈发电机由于其结构简单、可靠性高、变频器容量低等优点在风力发电领域受到广泛关注。为提高电机空间利用率和功率密度,提出一种新型简单凸极转子无刷双馈发电机,它将两套绕组分离,功率绕组PW置于外定子,控制绕组CW置于内定子。内外定子之间为杯型转子,由简单凸极和不导磁块交替排布而成。PW和CW依据气隙磁场调制原理通过转子耦合,实现双馈运行。设计一台PW端1.5 kW的样机,并对电机进行了优化,包括极槽配比、转子结构以及电机尺寸。通过有限元仿真得到的电机电磁性能验证了所提样机原理上的可行性。

关键词: 无刷双馈发电机, 双定子, 简单凸极, 设计优化

Abstract:

Brushless doubly-fed generator (BDFG) is a most promising candidate for the wind turbine due to its simple structure, high reliability and low converter capacity. To improve space utilization and achieve higher power density, a new dual-stator brushless doubly-fed generator is proposed with the simple-salient-poles rotor (DSBDFG-SPR), which provides two separated windings, namely, the power winding (PW) placed in the outer stator and the control winding (CW) placed in the inner stator. A cup-shaped rotor sandwiched between the inner and outer stators consists of the simple salient poles and non-magnetic segments. The coupling between the PW and the CW is realized via the rotor based on the general airgap magnetic field modulation theory for electrical machines. A prototype of the DSBDFG-SPR with rated PW power of 1.5 kW is designed and optimized. The keys of this paper are determination of pole/slot combinations, the rotor optimization and size optimization. The electromagnetic characteristics of the DSBDFG-SPR are analyzed by 2D finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the reasonableness of the proposed model.

Key words: Brushless doubly-fed generator, dual-stator, simple salient poles, design optimization

中图分类号:

TM31

程明, 张长国, 曾煜. 新型简单凸极转子双定子无刷双馈发电机的设计与分析^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(1): 104-113.

CHENG Ming, ZHANG Changguo, ZENG Yu. Design and Analysis of Dual-stator Brushless Doubly-fed Generator with Simple-salient-poles Rotor[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(1): 104-113.

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参考文献 16

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关键参数	数值
PW额定功率/kW	1.5
PW额定电压/V	380
PW额定频率/Hz	50
CW频率范围/Hz	-12.5~12.5
极对数组合p_p/p_c	2/1
转速范围/(r/min)	750~1 250
额定转速/(r/min)	1 250
外定子外径/mm	325
轴向长度/mm	246

绕组	PW	CW
槽数	48	24
极对数	2	1
每极每相槽数	4	4
并联支路数	1	1
每相串联匝数	208	152
每线圈匝数	13	19
绕组层数	2	2
跨距	10	10
基波绕组系数	0.925 0	0.925 0
并绕根数	3	3
线径/mm	0.8	0.8
净槽满率(%)	40.5	50.2
电阻(@75 ℃)/Ω	1.98	1.44

尺寸参数	初始值	优化范围	优化后的值
h_{yoke_is}/mm	43	40~55	48.899
b_{teeth_is}/mm	10	8~14	15.536
θ_is/(°)	2	0.4~5	3.557
h_s₀_{_is}/mm	1.2	0~2	1.034
h_s₁_{_is}/mm	0.8	0~2	1.798
h_r/mm	24	10~26	25.002
h_{yoke_os}/mm	28	20~30	28.229
b_{teeth_os}/mm	6.8	4~10	7.376
θ_os/mm	1.1	0.5~3.5	0.712
h_s₀_{_os}/mm	0.8	0~2	1.071
h_s₁_{_os}/(°)	1.8	0~2	0.534

运行工作点	最高转速 1 250 r/min	最低转速 750 r/min
转矩/(N·m)	-14.17	-13.58
转矩脉动(%)	91.37	75.50
机械输入功率/kW	2.316	1.374
功率绕组输出功率/kW	1.443	1.443
控制绕组输出功率/kW	0.330 0	-0.545 9
总电功率/kW	1.773 0	0.897 1
总铜耗/W	157.10	156.76
外定子绕组铜耗/W	29.03	28.70
内定子绕组铜耗/W	128.06	128.06
总铁耗/W	386.67	320.55
外定子铁心损耗/W	292.80	258.93
外定子涡流损耗/W	223.89	208.15
外定子磁滞损耗/W	68.91	50.78
转子凸极铁心损耗/W	29.10	23.28
转子涡流损耗/W	19.66	11.02
转子磁滞损耗/W	9.44	12.26
内定子铁心损耗/W	64.76	38.33
内定子涡流损耗/W	24.42	10.49
内定子磁滞损耗/W	39.34	27.83
效率(%)	76.74	65.29
控制绕组功率因数	0.110 8超前	0.186 2滞后
控制绕组电压/V	182.29	179.29

参数	PW过载倍数
参数	1.5	2
PW负载/Ω	64.53	48.40
CW励磁电流/A	7.50	10.04
PW线电压畸变率(%)	3.701 3	4.713 5
PW输出功率/kW	2.249	3.085
CW输出功率/kW	0.487	0.574
总电功率/kW	2.736	3.659
效率(%)	77.84	76.69
CW功率因数	0.102 5	0.080 3