基于波形复杂特性的励磁涌流快速识别算法研究*

doi:10.11985/2024.01.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对电力变压器空载合闸于CT饱和、轻微匝间故障等扰动因素下励磁涌流快速识别困难的应用需求，提出一种基于电流波形复杂特性的励磁涌流快速识别算法；通过研究空载合闸、CT饱和、匝间故障等扰动因素下的励磁涌流波形复杂特性，提出采用改进变分模态分解算法，以实现固有模态分量的快速准确分解，同时，研究励磁涌流波形复杂特性的数值表征，提出波形复杂特性的数值表征策略，并选定样本熵和值作为励磁涌流快速识别的判据；模拟建立多场景扰动下的励磁涌流特性仿真模型，验证了所提出算法在空载合闸、合闸于CT饱和、合闸于匝间故障、变压器运行时发生内部及区内故障等工程场景下应用的快速性和可靠性。其中，该算法能够实现首个周波电流采集下的快速模态分解，并具有抗40 dB噪声干扰的抗噪性能，易于复杂扰动下励磁涌流信号快速、可靠辨识的工程应用。

关键词: 励磁涌流, CT饱和, 波形复杂特性, 变分模态分解

Abstract:

In order to solve application requirements for the rapid identification of inrush current in trans-formers no-load closing in CT saturation, minor inter-turn faults and other disturbing factors, a rapid identification algorithm is proposed that leveragres the complex characteristics of the current waveform. By studying the complex characteristics of the excitation inrush waveform under the disturbance factors such as no-load closing, CT saturation and inter-turn fault, an improved variational modal decomposition algorithm is introduced to achieve fast and accurate decomposition of the intrinsic modal function. Meanwhile, the numerical characterization of the complex characteristics of the inrush current waveform is studied, the numerical characterization strategy of the complex characteristics of the waveform is proposed, and the sample entropy sum value is selected as a criterion for the rapid identification of the inrush current. The inrush simulation model under multi-scenario disturbances is established to verify the rapidity and reliability of the proposed algorithm for application under engineering scenarios such as no-load closing, closing on CT saturation, closing on turn-to-turn faults, internal and external faults during operation. Notably, the results show that the algorithm is able to achieve fast mode decomposition under the first circumferential current acquisition, and has 40 dB noise immunity, which is easy for engineering applications of fast and reliable identification of inrush current signals under complex disturbances.

Key words: Inrush current, CT saturation, complex characteristics of waveform, variational mode decomposition

中图分类号:

TM406

沈春城, 严柏平, 黄大卓, 郑国超, 冯浩文, 林峻宁, 陈聪. 基于波形复杂特性的励磁涌流快速识别算法研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2024, 19(1): 243-253.

SHEN Chuncheng, YAN Baiping, HUANG Dazhuo, ZHENG Guochao, FENG Haowen, LIN Junning, CHEN Cong. Research on Fast Identification Algorithm of Inrush Current Based on Complex Characteristics of Waveform[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2024, 19(1): 243-253.

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类型	合闸角/(°)	其他工况	样本熵和值SumSE
空载合闸	30	ϕ_ra=0.2 p.u.	2.29
	90	ϕ_ra=0.5 p.u.	2.10
	150	ϕ_ra=0.8 p.u.	1.87
合闸于 CT饱和	0	ϕ_ra=-0.2 p.u.	2.03
	60	ϕ_ra=-0.5 p.u.	2.27
	120	ϕ_ra=-0.8 p.u.	2.19
合闸于匝间故障	60	匝数比5%	0.64
合闸于匝间故障	120	匝数比5%	0.76
区内及内部故障	60	匝数比5%	0.74
	30	AB相间	0.80
	30	A接地	0.76

案例	工况	总数
空载合闸	无剩磁、平衡剩磁、不平衡剩磁；剩磁大小ϕ_ra：0，±0.2，±0.5，±0.8 p.u.；合闸角θ 取0~360°(以30°为步长)	180
变压器区内故障	单相接地、相间、相间接地、三相短路；故障相位角0~360°(以30°为步长)	120
变压器内部故障	匝间短路、匝间接地故障故障匝数比：5%，8%，10%，20%；故障相位角取0~360°(以30°为步长)	96
空载合闸于CT饱和	无剩磁、平衡剩磁、不平衡剩磁；剩磁大小ϕ_ra：0，±0.2，±0.5，±0.8 p.u.；合闸角θ 取0~360°(以30°为步长)	180
空载合闸于匝间故障	5%的匝间短路、匝间接地故障；故障相位角取0~360°(以30°为步长)	24

内部故障匝数比(%)	匝间短路故障S_max	匝间接地故障S_max
5	1.13	0.80
8	0.78	0.89
10	0.91	0.99
20	0.70	0.91