基于最小二乘法的活体触电动态阻抗分析*

doi:10.11985/2023.03.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前没有较为精确的人体阻抗模型、低压配电网剩余电流保护设备无法识别触电特征、且无法使用人体作为触电试验对象等问题，建立了基于动物触电试验数据并利用最小二乘法拟合的人体触电动态阻抗模型。根据人与猪、羊等动物在电特性以及解剖学上具有极高相似性的特点，通过触电通道构成完善了动态阻抗模型。与现有的人体阻抗模型相比，人体触电动态阻抗模型在描述触电发生较短时间内的阻抗变化情况更为准确，能够突出触电发生较短时间内人体阻抗的时变特性。物理仿真试验表明，该人体动态阻抗模型无论是在触电发生的较短时间内或是较长时间均能表征人体阻抗的变化趋势，对于开发新一代针对人体以及其他生命体的剩余电流保护装置具有参考价值。

关键词: 最小二乘法, 触电生物电流, 动态电阻模型, 生物触电特性

Abstract:

In response to the lack of an accurate human impedance model, the inability of residual current protection equipment in low-voltage distribution networks to identify electrocution characteristics, and the inability to use humans as electrocution test objects, a human electrocution dynamic impedance model based on animal electrocution test data and fitted with the least squares method is established. The dynamic impedance model is improved by the electrocution channel composition based on the high similarity of electrical characteristics and anatomy between humans and animals such as pigs and sheep. Compared with the existing human impedance model, the human electrocution dynamic impedance model is more accurate in describing the impedance change within a short time of electrocution, and can highlight the time-varying characteristics of human impedance within a short time of electrocution. Physical simulations show that the human dynamic impedance model is able to characterize the human impedance trend both within a short period of time and over a long period of time. It is a reference value for the development of a new generation of residual current protection devices for the human body and other living organisms.

Key words: Least squares method, electrocution current, dynamic resistance model, biological electrocution characteristics

中图分类号:

TM771

徐浩, 王欣阳, 魏云冰, 赵启承. 基于最小二乘法的活体触电动态阻抗分析^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(3): 268-276.

XU Hao, WANG Xinyang, WEI Yunbing, ZHAO Qicheng. Dynamic Impedance Analysis of Live Electrocution Based on Least Squares Method[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(3): 268-276.

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组织种类		电导率/(Ω·cm)
血液	142.85
肌肉	429.18
骨骼	62 500.00
腱	371.74
脂肪	5 263.15

仿真参数	数值
三相电源线电压/V	380
电源频率/Hz	50
负载功率/W	30 000
线路电阻/(Ω/km)	1.273×10^-2
线路电感/(H/km)	0.933 7×10^-3
线路电容/(F/km)	12.74×10^-9
断路器切换时间/s	0.22~0.8

阻抗模型	阻抗网络
弗莱贝加尔人体阻抗模型
毕格麦亚阻抗模型
电灼伤电流人体阻抗模型
感知与反应电流人体阻抗模型
摆脱电流人体阻抗模型