光伏电站电压无功快速精准控制策略研究及应用

doi:10.11985/2023.01.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于光伏发电的间歇性和波动性，大规模光伏并网后会影响到电网的电压稳定性。为解决传统自动电压控制周期较长，无法对电压波动及时响应的问题，采用一种基于光伏逆变器机端电压暂态跟踪的自动电压控制方法，通过二级控制和一级控制协调控制，实现稳态电压和暂态电压的协同控制。二级控制为光伏电站站级电压无功控制，完成站内无功电压目标优化，同时将目标指令下发至一级控制器；一级控制器通过对逆变器输出电压的反馈控制，实现电压目标跟踪。在维持稳态电压目标过程中，当系统电压发生波动或暂态扰动时，智能控制终端通过快速无功目标计算和调用，自动维持输出电压达到稳态电压目标值，实现对电压暂态扰动的快速支撑。

关键词: 光伏电站, 逆变器, 电压无功, 快速精准控制, 暂态响应

Abstract:

Due to the intermittence and fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation, the voltage stability of power grid will be affected after large-scale photovoltaic grid connection. In order to solve the problem that the traditional automatic voltage control has a long cycle and cannot respond to voltage fluctuation in time, an automatic voltage control method based on transient tracking of PV inverter terminal voltage is adopted. Through coordinated control of two-level control and one-level control, the coordinated control of steady-state voltage and transient voltage is realized. The second level control is the voltage and reactive power control of the photovoltaic power station, which optimizes the reactive power and voltage target in the station, and sends the target command to the first level controller. The first level controller realizes the voltage target tracking through the feedback control of the inverter output voltage. At the same time, the intelligent control terminal automatically maintains the output voltage to reach the steady-state voltage target value through fast reactive power target calculation and call, so as to realize the fast support of voltage transient disturbance.

Key words: Photovoltaic power station, inverter, voltage and reactive power, fast and accurate control, transient response

中图分类号:

TM761

谢芝东, 陈璐, 汪晓彤, 胡昊, 王统义. 光伏电站电压无功快速精准控制策略研究及应用[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(1): 235-243.

XIE Zhidong, CHEN Lu, WANG Xiaotong, HU Hao, WANG Tongyi. Research and Application of Fast Accurate Voltage and Reactive Power Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Power Station[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(1): 235-243.

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光照强度变化(%)	并网点电压波动范围/kV
光照强度变化(%)	恒功率因数控制	恒电压控制
100~50	0.738	0.345
100~0	1.875	0.741

序号	电压目标值/kV	始末时间	母线电压值/kV	全场无功	控制误差	是否合格
1	36.5	10:45:00	35.30	-3.55	0<ε≤0.5	合格
1	36.5	10:45:10	36.37	-0.58	0<ε≤0.5	合格
2	35.5	10:50:00	36.44	-1.17	0<ε≤0.5	合格
2	35.5	10:50:10	35.65	-3.27	0<ε≤0.5	合格
3	34.5	10:55:00	35.66	-3.20	0<ε≤0.5	合格
3	34.5	10:55:15	34.77	-5.12	0<ε≤0.5	合格
4	35.5	11:00:00	34.72	-5.24	0<ε≤0.5	合格
4	35.5	11:00:10	35.32	-4.03	0<ε≤0.5	合格
5	36.5	11:05:00	35.49	-3.89	0<ε≤0.5	合格
5	36.5	11:05:10	36.68	-1.31	0<ε≤0.5	合格
6	35.5	11:10:00	36.43	-1.60	0<ε≤0.5	合格
6	35.5	11:10:10	35.60	-2.30	0<ε≤0.5	合格

序号	电压目标值/kV	始末时间	母线电压值/kV	全场无功	控制精度	是否合格
1	35.0	14:38:55	35.91	-2.23	0<ε≤0.5	合格
1	35.0	14:39:05	35.10	-4.34	0<ε≤0.5	合格
2	36.0	14:43:55	35.14	-3.86	0<ε≤0.5	合格
2	36.0	14:44:05	35.93	-1.95	0<ε≤0.5	合格
3	37.0	14:48:52	35.97	-1.98	0<ε≤0.5	合格
3	37.0	14:49:00	37.05	0.77	0<ε≤0.5	合格
4	36.0	14:53:52	36.80	-0.28	0<ε≤0.5	合格
4	36.0	14:54:00	36.11	-2.02	0<ε≤0.5	合格
5	35.0	14:59:03	36.11	-1.69	0<ε≤0.5	合格
5	35.0	14:59:15	35.28	-3.74	0<ε≤0.5	合格