光伏发电接入弱电网电能质量治理研究

doi:10.11985/2023.02.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大规模光伏发电接入弱电网系统应具备的电能质量需求，研究一种具有平滑投切、低耗、阻基频的电能质量治理方案以适用于该特殊应用场景。以某具体工程项目为实例，阐述光伏发电接入弱电网时所具备的高频谐波污染及无功充足特性。针对该场景下光伏发电并网的电能质量需求，设计了基频谐振、平滑投切的阻波高通滤波器拓扑结构。通过研究该阻波高通滤波器的阻频特性及谐振现象，揭示了对高次谐波优越的抑制性能及不改变无功潮流分布的原理，同时为使设备安全稳定运行给出了平滑投切控制及参数整定方法。最后，在ETAP软件中搭建仿真模型，并进行光伏电站为期一周的并网电能质量测试，证明了所提方法的合理性及有效性。

关键词: 光伏电站, 高频谐波, 电能质量, 弱电网

Abstract:

In order to meet the power quality requirements of large-scale PV connected to weak power grid system, a power quality control scheme with smooth switching, low consumption and resistance fundamental frequency is introduced to be suitable for the special application scenario. Through a specific project as an example, the high-frequency harmonic pollution and sufficient reactive power characteristics of photovoltaic power generation connected to the weak grid are explained. In order to meet the power quality requirements of photovoltaic grid-connected in this scenario, a special high-pass filter topology with fundamental resonance and smooth switching is designed. By deducing the frequency-resistance characteristic and resonance phenomenon of the high-pass filter, the superior suppression performance of the high-pass filter to high-order harmonics and the principle of not changing the reactive power flow distribution are revealed. At the same time, the smooth switching control and parameter setting method are given for the safe and stable operation of the equipment. Finally, the simulation model built in ETAP and the one-week grid-connected power quality test of the PV all prove the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: Photovoltaic power station, high frequency harmonics, power quality, weak power grid

中图分类号:

TM72

刘峪涵, 贺鑫, 罗隆福. 光伏发电接入弱电网电能质量治理研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(2): 229-235.

LIU Yuhan, HE Xin, LUO Longfu. Study on Power Quality Control of Photovoltaic Power Generation Connected to Weak Power Grid[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(2): 229-235.

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光伏器件	参数	数值
主升压变压器	容量/(MV·A)	40
	联结方式	YN/d11
	变比	63±10×1.5%/22 kV
	短路阻抗	10%
箱式升压变压器	容量/(MV·A)	2.2
	联结方式	D/yn11
	变比	22±2×2.5%/0.4 kV
	短路阻抗	6.5%
光伏逆变器	容量/(MV·A)	2.2
光伏逆变器	交流侧电压/V	385
60 kV电网	短路容量/MW	45
60 kV电网	X/R比	10
22 kV线缆	电阻/(Ω/km)	0.129
	电容/(Ω/km)	0.257
	电抗/(Ω/km)	0.109
	绝缘	AL/XLPE

运行方式	VTHD(%)	国际标准(%)
最大三相短路容量(56 MW)	5.03	3
最小三相短路容量(45 MW)	5.57	3

运行方式	VTHD(%)		抑制率(%)	国际标准(%)
运行方式	滤波前	滤波后	抑制率(%)	国际标准(%)
最大三相短路容量(56 MW)	5.03	1.01	80	3
最小三相短路容量(45 MW)	5.57	1.11	80.10	3

频次	THD(%)		抑制率 (%)	国际标准(%)
频次	滤波前	滤波后	抑制率 (%)	国际标准(%)
11th	0.45	0.22	51.1	1.50
13th	0.39	0.13	66.7	1.50
17th	0.30	0.06	80	1
19th	0.29	0.04	86.20	1
21th	0	0	0	0.70
23th	2.56	0.29	88.70	0.70
25th	4.17	0.41	90.20	0.70
26th	1.25	0.12	90.40	0.68