石榴石型直流光学电流互感器及其稳定性研究*

doi:10.11985/2021.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国智能电网建设的快速推进,电力系统中电压等级不断提高。针对电力系统中直流电流的检测,设计了基于钕铁硼永磁薄膜矫正的直流光学电流互感器结构。设计了直流光学电流传感器直通式传感头光路结构以及透射式和反射式两种系统光路结构,分析入射线偏振光的不同偏振分量对其影响。针对石榴石磁光材料中存在的零失散问题,通过磁控溅射法在石榴石材料表面生长一层钕铁硼永磁薄膜来降低零失散带进的测量误差。测量了石榴石材料表面的钕铁硼永磁薄膜磁滞回线,试验证明钕铁硼永磁薄膜具有良好的磁性能。设计并在实验室搭建了直流光学电流传感器的光电测试系统,将永磁薄膜厚度分别为1 μm、2 μm、4 μm、5 μm、100 nm和500 nm的石榴石材料作为敏感元件放入测试系统中,通过大电流发生器改变导线中直流电流的大小并采集相关数据进行处理分析。结果表明,该互感器的灵敏度和测量范围可以通过调节敏感元件离导线中心的距离来实现,并且该互感器测量的输出线性度高,方位角改变和电流的大小响应曲线线性度好。多次测量误差小于0.4%,多次测量的拟合曲线的重复性表现良好,表明缩短磁光材料厚度能有效地提高互感器运行的稳定性。

关键词: 钕铁硼永磁薄膜, 直流光学电流互感器, 方位角, 石榴石材料

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of the construction of smart grids in China, the voltage levels in the power system continue to increase. Aiming at the detection of DC current in power system, the structure of DC optical current transformer is designed based on the correction of NdFeB permanent magnetic film. Firstly, the optical path structure of the straight-through sensor head of the DC optical current sensor and the optical path structures of the transmissive and reflective systems are designed, and the effects of different polarization components of the incident polarized light are analyzed. Secondly, for the problem of zero dispersion in garnet magneto-optical materials, a layer of NdFeB permanent magnetic film is grown on the surface of the garnet material by magnetron sputtering to reduce the measurement error brought by the zero dispersion. At the same time, the hysteresis loop of the NdFeB permanent magnetic film on the surface of the garnet material is measured. Experiments show that the NdFeB permanent magnetic film has good magnetic properties. Finally, a photoelectric test system for DC optical current sensors is designed and built in the laboratory. The garnet materials with permanent magnetic film thicknesses of 1 μm, 2 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 100 nm, and 500 nm are put into the test system as sensitive components. The current generator changes the size of the DC current in the wire and collects relevant data for processing and analysis. The results show that the sensitivity and measurement range of the transformer can be achieved by adjusting the distance of the sensitive element from the center of the wire, and the output linearity measured by the transformer is high, the azimuth change and the current response curve are linear. The multiple measurement error is less than 0.4%, and the repeatability of the fitted curve of multiple measurements is good, indicating that shortening the thickness of the magneto-optical material can effectively improve the stability of the transformer operation.

Key words: NdFeB magnetic thin film, optical direct current transduce, azimuth angle, garnet

中图分类号:

TM561

克帕依吐·吐尔逊, 李明, 汪齐, 廖凯. 石榴石型直流光学电流互感器及其稳定性研究^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2021, 16(2): 149-158.

KEPAIYITULLA· Tursun, LI Ming, WANG Qi, LIAO Kai. Research on Garnet Type DC Optical Current Transducer and Its Operating Stability[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(2): 149-158.

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材料名称	波长/μm	费尔德常数/(×10^-4GY/A)
(TmBi)₃(FeGa)₅O₁₂	0.55	1.92×10²
Y₃Fe₅O₁₂	0.56	2.96
钡冕玻璃	0.589 3	0.805
重火石玻璃	0.589 3	3.03×10^-3
石英玻璃	0.589 3	0.603
Pr³⁺硅酸盐玻璃	0.7	2.635
TGG	1.06	0.12
Pr⁺³硼酸盐玻璃	0.7	0.743

时间/s	斯托克斯矢量	离焦量/dB	方位角/ (°)	椭圆度/ (°)	偏振度 (%)
0	-0.807 6	-2.781 5	81.251 2	16.066 6	91.932 8
0.030	-0.807 5	-2.782 7	81.242 7	16.071 0	91.910 9
0.060	-0.807 8	-2.784 6	81.262 7	16.065 5	91.901 2
0.090	-0.807 7	-2.785 1	81.267 9	16.071 0	91.913 9
0.120	-0.807 8	-2.783 2	81.282 8	16.072 4	91.923 3
0.150	-0.807 5	-2.780 0	81.242 5	16.071 7	91.941 2
0.180	-0.807 5	-2.783 6	81.243 0	16.069 5	91.917 6
0.210	-0.807 7	-2.782 4	81.258 4	16.066 6	91.922 7
0.240	-0.807 7	-2.784 1	81.261 2	16.068 0	91.920 9
0.270	-0.807 7	-2.780 1	81.274 4	16.072 7	91.946 6
0.300	-0.807 4	-2.780 9	81.242 9	16.074 8	91.940 5
0.330	-0.807 6	-2.784 5	81.255 8	16.072 1	91.922 5
0.360	-0.807 6	-2.782 0	81.247 4	16.067 0	91.926 5
0.390	-0.807 8	-2.782 1	81.263 0	16.064 8	91.937 8
0.420	-0.807 4	-2.779 3	81.257 4	16.080 7	91.943 0
0.450	-0.807 5	-2.780 6	81.248 7	16.074 4	91.935 2
0.480	-0.807 5	-2.781 3	81.245 5	16.070 7	91.929 8
0.510	-0.807 6	-2.780 9	81.252 0	16.067 8	91.928 7
0.540	-0.807 7	-2.781 8	81.259 0	16.065 0	91.931 6
0.570	-0.807 6	-2.783 1	81.259 5	16.073 8	91.936 3
0.600	-0.807 6	-2.781 2	81.272 4	16.076 9	91.940 7

电流I/A	不同永磁薄膜厚度
电流I/A	0	1 μm	2 μm	4 μm	5 μm	100 nm	500 nm
0	88.400	81.235	80.600	79.591	78.000	80.728	88.400
100	88.019	80.763	80.406	79.291	77.679	80.700	88.019
500	86.887	79.656	79.351	78.126	76.462	79.569	86.887
1 000	85.206	78.184	78.110	76.489	74.966	78.088	85.206
1 500	83.846	76.951	76.560	75.334	73.462	76.780	83.846
2 000	82.552	75.083	74.497	73.496	71.702	74.261	82.554
2 500	81.04	73.276	72.739	72.234	69.959	72.969	81.040
3 000	80.295	71.689	70.348	70.740	68.314	70.916	80.296