微电网运行控制技术要点及展望 *

doi:10.11985/2020.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,微电网技术作为提高新能源接入稳定性和可靠性的重要技术手段得到了广泛关注。聚焦微电网运行控制技术的最新进展,对国内外相关研究进行了梳理归纳,包括微电网拓扑结构的多元化、源荷不确定性、功率变换器的多样性以及通信方式的取舍等技术难点,微电网运行控制策略与规划方案耦合设计、微电网内部及单元间交互稳定性、虚拟同步控制与频率调节以及先进功率变换等技术关键,以及典型的微电网运行控制技术及其优缺点。最后,对下一步微电网运行控制的研究动向等进行了分析,以期充分展示该技术领域的最新研究成果,并对后续研究进行探讨和展望。

关键词: 微电网, 分层控制, 功率变换, 稳定性

Abstract:

In recent years, microgrid technologies have been widely concerned as an important technical means to improve the stability and reliability of new-energy connected system. The latest development in microgrid operation and control is presented, with the relevant research domestic and abroad summarized. The technical difficulties are fully discussed, such as the topology variety, uncertainty in both source and load, power conversion diversity and communication mode design. Meanwhile, the key issues in microgrid control are explored in detail, including coupling design between the control strategy and planning scheme, stability in a single microgird and between each other, virtual synchronous control and frequency regulation, and power converter control as well. Then, the typical technologies on microgrid operation and control are analyzed. Finally, the research trend of microgrid operation and control is discussed, so as to show the latest works and provide a prospect of this technology.

Key words: Microgrid, hierarchical control, power conversion, stability

中图分类号:

TM721

徐海亮,张禹风,聂飞,孟志远,李志. 微电网运行控制技术要点及展望 ^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2020, 15(1): 1-15.

XU Hailiang,ZHANG Yufeng,NIE Fei,MENG Zhiyuan,LI Zhi. Key Points and Prospect of Microgrid Operation and Control Technologies[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2020, 15(1): 1-15.

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控制方法			优点	缺点
基于无互联通信的控制技术	下垂控制		无需互联通信控制结构简单控制实时性高,可即插即用	电压跌落时无法补偿功率分配精度低无法实现最优经济运行
基于互联通信的控制技术	基于低速互联通信的分层控制技术		功率分配精度较高电压跌落时可以补偿	需要互联通信可扩展性较差
	基于高速互联通信的分层控制技术(第二层)	集中式通信与控制	控制结构简单功率分配精度较高	稳定性差
		集中式通信与分布式控制	控制结构灵活功率分配精度高	稳定性较差通信总线压力较大
		分布式协同控制	灵活性高可扩展性高功率分配精度高	需要互联高速通信线成本较高

控制方法	优点	缺点
改进下垂控制	无需互联通信控制结构简单控制实时性高,可即插即用	功率分配精度低无法实现最优经济运行
标幺化控制	实现交直流混合网同一量纲下运算无需互联运行	功率无法正常分配受系统参数影响
分层控制	功率分配精度较高具备通信故障穿越能力交直流子网可协调运行	需要互联通信
模型预测控制	动态响应效果好无需PI调节器	预测模型精度要高须准确预测下一时刻值

控制方式	优点	缺点	研究内容
主从控制	① 控制方式简单 ② 能够有效地跟踪负荷的变化	① 主控制器需要较高的容量 ② 微网状态切换这一过程往往难以实现 ③ 微网受到较大的扰动时频率和电压的质量可能变差	① 状态切换 ② 削弱主控制器的决定性作用
对等控制	① 无需考虑从属关系 ② 便于分布式电源的即插即用 ③ 省去通信成本	① 电源不能够很好地跟踪负荷的变化 ② 荷变化时会引起电压和频率的变化	① 建模仿真 ② 稳定性分析 ③ 改进控制方式
分层控制	① 运行方式灵活 ② 可多种方式混合使用,多层之间相互配合,提高效率 ③ 能够处理大量的运行数据,便于微网的稳定控制	① 对通信的依赖性较强,运行过程中需要保证通信的良好,否则无法稳定运行 ② 大量的数据处理会增加控制器的负担	① 智能化发展 ② 加强通信的稳定性 ③ 改善电能质量