轴向磁通永磁轮边电动机设计与研究 *

doi:10.11985/2019.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

轮边电动机提高了电动汽车的运动性能,但对电动机本身技术要求高,提出一种轴向磁通永磁轮边电动机,采用双定子单转子结构。围绕降低反电势THD、减少转矩脉动和转子涡流损耗的目的,对轴向磁通永磁电动机的定子槽型、极槽配合、永磁体斜极和分块、绕组层数和每槽导体数进行分析。为实现高过载能力,对机壳进行了螺旋水道散热设计;为降低电动机质量,对电动机前后端盖、机壳和转轴进行了局部减重设计,并对其进行了强度分析和模态分析。最后生产样机、搭建试验平台,对轴向磁通永磁轮边电动机进行了效率特性测试、弱磁性能测试和温升测试,试验结果验证了设计方案的合理性。

关键词: 电动汽车, 轴向磁通, 转矩脉动, 涡流损耗, 弱磁

Abstract:

Wheel-edge motor improves the operation performance of electric vehicles, but brings high technical requirements of the motor．An axial flux permanent magnet wheel-edge motor with double stator and single rotor structure is proposed. Focusing on the purpose of reducing the THD of back electromotive force, reducing torque pulsation and rotor eddy current loss, the stator slot type, pole-slot combination, skewed permanent magnet and segments of permanent magnet, number of winding layers and number of conductors per slot of axial flux permanent magnet are analyzed. In order to realize high overload capacity, the spiral channel heat dissipation design is presented. For the purpose of reducing the weight of the motor, the weight reduction design is carried out on the front and rear end cover, shell and rotating shaft of the motor. Meanwhile the strength analysis and modal analysis are finished by FEA tools. Finally, a prototype of the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet wheel-edge motor is produced, and an experimental platform is built to test the efficiency characteristics, magnetic field weakening properties and temperature rise of the motor. The experimental results verify the rationality of the design scheme.

Key words: Electric vehicles, axial flux, torque pulsation, eddy current loss, field weakening

中图分类号:

U469

黄其,罗玲,金良宽,唐扬. 轴向磁通永磁轮边电动机设计与研究 ^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019, 14(4): 32-41.

Qi HUANG,Ling LUO,Liangkuan JIN,Yang TANG. Design and Research of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019, 14(4): 32-41.

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参考文献 16

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轮边电动机类型	优点	缺点
异步电动机	结构简单,经久耐用,环境适应能力强,维护简单。	效率较低,体积偏大,转子易发热,功率因数低,控制成本高,调速性能差。
径向开关磁阻电动机	结构简单,转子耐高温,可靠性高,维修简单,低速性能好。	转矩波动较大,噪音较大,控制系统复杂,效率偏低,体积较大。
径向永磁无刷直流电动机	效率高,功率密度较大,能够适应高速运行,维护简单。	受制于永磁体工艺、特性的限制,功率范围较小。抗恶劣环境能力不强,转矩波动较大。
轴向磁通永磁同步电动机	轴向尺寸短,结构紧凑,质量轻,适合轮边驱动,转矩密度高,高效。	弱磁扩速能力较差,结构较复杂。

极对数p	定子槽数Z
1	6、12、18、24、30、36、42、48、54、60、66、72
2	12、24、32、36、48、60、72
3	18、36、54、72
4	24、48、72

参数	数值	参数	数值
槽口宽/mm	2.8	并联支路数a	2
槽深/mm	28	永磁体剩磁Br/T	1.23
槽宽/mm	8.3	永磁体矫顽力Hc/(kA/m)	890
槽肩角/(°)	20	槽满率	0.72

部件	热导率/[W·(m·K)^–1]			比热容/ [J·(kg·K)^–1]
部件	径向	周向	轴向	比热容/ [J·(kg·K)^–1]
铁心	4.3	35	35	502.4
空气	0.029	0.029	0.002 9	1 005
绕组	223	0.63	0.63	654
绝缘材料	0.21	0.21	0.21	1 700
永磁体	9	9	9	440
机壳	210	210	210	871
槽楔	0.2	0.2	0.2	1 500

名称	弹性模量 E/Pa	密度ρ/ (kg/m³)	泊松比 μ
定子铁心硅钢片	206×10⁹	7 850	0.30
绕组铜线	120×10⁹×λ	8 890×λ	0.35
槽绝缘	3×10⁹	800	0.38
铝制机座	75×10⁹	2 700	0.33
转轴	207×10⁹	7 800	0.25
转子支架	206×10⁹	7 900	0.30