非线性绝缘电介质介电特性表征与测试

doi:10.11985/2018.11.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非线性是导致问题复杂化的关键因素之一,且存在于几乎所有物理现象之中。电气绝缘介质的非线性介电行为在科学层面提供了更广泛的研究空间,同时在工程技术层面为电气绝缘结构设计、更高电压等级电力设备研发提供了新的破解瓶颈问题的技术途径。具有电场调控功能的非线性绝缘材料,被称为“智能绝缘材料”,已在大型电机端部绝缘和电缆附件防电晕结构得到广泛的应用。随着高压直流绝缘技术的进步,电气绝缘材料和绝缘结构非线性介电特性和机理研究得到越来越广泛的关注。非线性绝缘介质介电特性的表征和测试技术是极具挑战的研究课题,又是基础研究和工程应用技术研究不可回避的关键性基础问题。稳态直流电场下,非线性绝缘介电特性用伏安特性或电导率与电场强度关系来表征,相应测试技术比较简单。稳态交流电场场下,用等效（相对）介电常数和等效电导率与电场强度关系来表征,测试技术的关键是如何准确地分解阻性和容性电流。暂态电场下非线性绝缘介电特性的表征参数体系尚未建立,测试技术最为复杂,相关研究亟待开展。

关键词: 非线性绝缘电介质, 介电特性, 表征参数, 暂态介电特性, 测试技术

Abstract:

Nonlinearity is one of the key factors leading to the complexity of the problem, and exists in almost all physical phenomena. The nonlinear dielectric behavior of electrical insulating dielectric provides a more extensive research space on the scientific, and it provides the new way to solve the bottleneck problem in the R & D of higher voltage class power equipment. The nonlinear insulating material with the function of electric field regulation is called "smart insulating materials", and has been widely used in the corona protection structures in large motor and cable accessories. With the development of HVDC insulation technology, more and more attentions have been paid to the study on nonlinear dielectric properties and mechanism of electrical insulating materials and insulation structures. The characterization and measurement of dielectric properties of nonlinear insulating dielectrics is an extremely challenging research topic, and it is also the inescapable key fundamental problem. In the steady-state DC field, the dielectric characteristics of nonlinear insulating dielecrics is characterized by volt-ampere characteristics or the relationship between electrical conductivity and electric field strength, and the corresponding measurement technique is relatively simple. In the steady-state AC field, the dielectric characteristics of nonlinear insulating dielecrics are characterized using the relationships of the equivalent (relative) dielectric constant and the equivalent conductivity with the electric field, and the key technique of measurement is how to decompose accurately the resistive current and the capacitive current. The parameters system for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of nonlinear insulating dielectrics under transient electric field has not been established, and the measurement technology is the most complex, so the related research needs to be carried out urgently.

Key words: Nonlinear insulating dielectrics, dielectric characteristics, characterization parameters, transient dielectric characteristics, measurement technology

中图分类号:

TM215

李忠华. 非线性绝缘电介质介电特性表征与测试[J]. 电气工程学报, 2018, 13(11): 11-20.

Li Zhonghua. Characterization and Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Nonlinear Insulating Dielectrics[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 13(11): 11-20.

图/表 7

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表征对象	基本特性曲线	静态参数特性曲线	动态参数特性曲线	等效参数特性曲线	表征行为
非线性绝缘结构	阻性伏安（I_R-U）特性	G_s及G_s-U特性曲线	G_d及G_d-U特性曲线	G_eff及G_eff-U特性曲线	阻性
	阻性伏安（I_R-U）特性	R_s及R_s-U特性曲线	R_d及R_d-U特性曲线	R_eff及R_eff-U特性曲线	阻性
	电荷–电压（Q-U）特性	Cs及Cs-U特性曲线	C_d及C_d-U特性曲线	C_eff及C_eff-U特性曲线	容性
		静态复阻抗及其与电压特性曲线	动态复阻抗及其与电压特性曲线	等效复阻抗及其与电压特性曲线	综合
非线性绝缘材料	J_R-E特性曲线	γ_s及γ_s-E特性曲线	γ_d及γ_d-E特性曲线	γ_eff及γ_eff-E 特性曲线	阻性
	J_R-E特性曲线	ρ_s及ρ_s-E特性曲线	ρ_d及ρ_d-E特性曲线	ρ_eff及ρ_eff-E特性曲线	阻性
	D-E特性曲线	ε_s及ε_s-E特性曲线	ε_d及ε_d-E特性曲线	ε_eff及ε_eff-E特性曲线	容性
	P-E特性曲线	χ_s及χ_s-E特性曲线	χ_d及χ_d-E特性曲线	χ_eff及χ_eff-E特性曲线	容性
		静态复介电常数及其与电场特性曲线	动态复介电常数及其与电场特性曲线	等效复介电常数及其与电场特性曲线	综合