电动汽车规模化发展所面临的挑战与机遇

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电动汽车作为节能环保型交通工具,能源紧张和气候变化促使未来电动汽车规模化发展成为全球共识和焦点,论文针对规模化发展面临的挑战和机遇进行阐述和分析。首先介绍了国内外电动汽车产业的发展路线。然后从车用电池、充电设施、标准及充电设施规划四个方面分析了规模化发展对充电设施网络提出的新要求;并且从充电控制策略、电网规划及新能源消纳三个方面分析了规模化给电力网络带来的新挑战;就管理平台的开发与设计、规模化数据管理、充电设施管理及管理系统与电网调度系统的融合四个方面分析了电动汽车规模化发展后电动汽车管理平台面临的新问题。针对电动汽车规模化发展,充电设施网络、电力网络及管理平台三个方面的一些传统理念需要转变,同时仍有许多技术难题亟待突破和解决。

关键词: 电动汽车, 规模化, 充电设施网络, 电网, 管理平台

Abstract:

As a new energy-saving tool of transportation, electric vehicles (EV) have become the focus of development and competitiveness of the global automotive industry due to the energy crisis and climate change in the future. The challenges and opportunities brought by the large-scale development of EVs are discussed in this paper. First, the development routes of EVs’ industry both at home and abroad are presented; then, the new requirements for charging infrastructure caused by large-scale development of EVs are analyzed from the four aspects of car battery, charging facilities, charging standards and facilities planning; simultaneously, new challenges to power network brought by EVs are reviewed based on charging control strategy, power grid planning and new energy absorption; finally, problems facing by the management platform for EVs are investigated in terms of design and development of management platform, large scale data management, charging facilities management and integration of power grid dispatching system and management platform for EVs. In conclusion, some traditional concepts about charging facilities network, power network and management platform for EVs need to change and there are still many technical problems which need to break through and resolve urgently.

Key words: Electric vehicle (EV), large-scale development, charging infrastructure, power network, management platform

中图分类号:

U469.72

陈中,黄学良. 电动汽车规模化发展所面临的挑战与机遇[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(4): 35-44.

Chen Zhong,Huang Xueliang. The Challenge of Scale Development of Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10(4): 35-44.

图/表 1

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充电模式	优点	缺点
整车慢充	①充电功率低,设备成本小 ②可利用电力低谷时段充电或有序充电,充电成本低 ③可延长电池使用寿命	充电时间过长,需要专门停车场地
整车快充	①充电时间短,效率高 ②相比慢充方式占用土地面积较小	①大规模直流快充会对电网造成不良影响 ②工作和安装成本较高 ③充电电流大,影响电池的使用寿命和性能
电池更换	①动力电池与电动汽车分离,降低购车成本 ②车辆使用效率及用户使用的方便性高 ③便于峰谷电力调控,实现 V2G 功能 ④便于电池维护,有利于提高电池的寿命	①电池与电动乘用车的标准化难于统一 ②不适应电动汽车灵活多样化需求 ③换电站初期投资成本很大,风险成本增加