面向综合负荷的燃料电池等效模型及参数灵敏度分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Matlab/ Simulink建立了固体氧化物燃料电池（Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SOFC）及其并网系统的动态模型,研究了SOFC发电系统的外特性。从外特性等效拟合的角度出发,忽略SOFC并网系统的无功功率,提出了SOFC发电系统的等效模型。该模型结构简单,参数少,易于辨识,能够有效拟合电网在大扰动和连续小扰动情况下的燃料电池发电系统外特性,与其他模型相比能够模拟燃料电池的出力极限问题;分析了该模型的参数的灵敏度,模型的两个参数的灵敏度虽不高但易于辨识;用本文提出的SOFC等效模型并联传统的综合负荷模型（Synthesis Load Model,SLM）构建广义负荷模型,对含SOFC发电系统的配电网负荷特性进行辨识建模。算例表明,该广义负荷模型能够有效描述含燃料电池发电系统配电网负荷特性,且模型的参数辨识结果具有较好的稳定性。

关键词: 燃料电池, 等效模型, 综合负荷建模, 灵敏度分析

Abstract:

The SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and its grid-connected system is established base on Matlab/Simulink, and the external characteristics of SOFC power systems is researched; then a equivalent model of SOFC power generation system is proposed from the perspective of external characteristic equivalent fitting and ignoring the reactive power of the SOFC generation system. This equivalent model has a simple structure, less parameters, can be identified easily. It can fit the external characteristics of SOFC power systems effectively in the case of large disturbance and continuous small disturbance of power system, compared with other equivalent models, this model can simulate the limit of the fuel cell’s output; the synthesis load model multiplied with equivalent model is used to fitting the characteristics of power synthesis load containing the SOFC power systems, examples show that this generalized load model can describe the load characteristic of distribution network with fuel cell power generation system, and identification result of it’s parameters are stability.

Key words: Fuel cell, equivalent model, synthesis load modeling, sensitivity analysis

中图分类号:

TM714

李培强,曾小军,李欣然,李龙桂,肖亚宁,郑柳柳. 面向综合负荷的燃料电池等效模型及参数灵敏度分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(10): 21-29.

Li Peiqiang,Zeng Xiaojun,Li Xinran,Li Longgui,Xiao Yaning,Zheng Liuliu. A Fuel Cell Equivalent Model for the Synthetic Load and Its Parameters Sensitivity Analysis[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10(10): 21-29.

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参数	物理含义	参数取值
T	电池工作温度	1 273K
F	法拉第常数	96.487×106C/kmol
R	通用气体常数	8 314J/(kmol K)
P	电池堆系统压力	1atm
E0	理想标准电动势	1.18V
N0	燃料电池堆的串联个数	1 400
Kr	常数,Kr = N0/(4F)	0.996×10-6kmol/(s·A)
KH2	氢气阀摩尔数	8.43×10-4kmol/(s·atm)
KH2O	水蒸气的阀摩尔数	2.81×10-4kmol/(s·atm)
KO2	氧气的阀摩尔数	2.52×10-3kmol/(s·atm)
τH2	氢气流的响应时间	26.1s
τH2O	水蒸气响应时间	78.3s
τO2	氧气流的响应时间	2.91s
rH-O	氢与氧的比例	1.145

扰动	U	T	Ku	残差
大扰动	-20%	24.961	1.125	4.017e-3
	-40%	22.173	1.175 0	6.597e-3
	-60%	17.538	1.234 0	8.612e-3
连续小扰动	-5%,+9%,-7%,+3%	27.322	1.206 9	4.866e-3
均方差	–	4.009 1	0.075 1	–

负荷水平	Psys(pu)	PSOFC(pu)	PIM(pu)	PS(pu)
1	0.82	0.63	0.95	0.5
2	–0.38	1.83	0.95	0.5

负荷水平	Xs	Rs	Xr	Rr	Tj	Xm	Km	KSOFC	T	Ku	Er
1（10%电压跌落）	0.121	0.001	0.198	0.010 0	1.610	6.952	0.675	0.421	26.51	1.115	0.001 61
1（20%电压跌落）	0.143	0.001	0.191	0.015 2	1.413	7.335	0.656	0.424	25.06	1.135	0.002 01
1（40%电压跌落）	0.125	0.001	0.20	0.011 0	1.363	6.814	0.648	0.425	23.19	1.172	0.002 50
2（10%电压跌落）	0.124	0.001	0.255	0.013 4	1.069	6.856	0.645	1.271	27.1	1.225	0.001 81
2（20%电压跌落）	0.131	0.001	0.250	0.017 4	1.065	6.536	0.650	1.275	25.0	1.125	0.003 15
2（40%电压跌落）	0.127	0.001	0.249	0.013 2	1.022	6.401	0.650	1.274	22.8	1.176	0.003 65
标准差	0.007 8	0	0.030 3	0.002 7	0.239 8	0.328 6	0.010 89	0.465 5	1.719	0.041 1	–

负荷水平	内插10%	外推40%
1	2.514e - 3	5.262e - 3
2	3.597e - 3	5.871e - 3