接触网腕臂绝缘子覆冰特性分析及结构优化设计*

doi:10.11985/2023.04.037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究接触网腕臂绝缘子在极端寒冷环境下的覆冰特性。在人工气候室内开展覆冰试验，通过试验获取平、斜腕臂绝缘子的覆冰形貌；基于试验结果，建立1∶1三维模型，分析冰棱长度及冰棱端部悬挂水滴对局部电场分布的影响，最后对绝缘子伞裙结构进行优化。分析结果表明，腕臂绝缘子倾斜安装时，小伞冰棱与相邻大伞表面以及大伞冰棱间存在气隙，该气隙为强电场区，场强畸变率可达621%，气隙被击穿后大小伞裙被桥接，造成绝缘子部分爬电距离失效；小伞表面的冰层在融化过程中，冰棱端部会形成悬挂液滴进而畸变周围空间的电场，该液滴引起的场强畸变率可达4 977%。采用异型伞结构，可以很好地避免冰棱桥接伞裙，增加气隙间距，从而降低冰棱对绝缘子周围电场的畸变程度。

关键词: 高速铁路, 腕臂绝缘子, 覆冰特性, 局部电弧, 结构优化

Abstract:

The present study aims to explore the icing characteristics of catenary cantilever insulator at extremely low temperatures. To begin with, the icing test is carried out in the artificial climate chamber to determine the icing morphology of the cantilever insulator. By taking into account the test results, a 1:1 three-dimensional model is then established to analyze how the local electric field distribution is affected by the length of the icicle and the hanging water droplets at the end of the icicle. Finally, the structure of insulator sheath is optimized. According to the analytical results, when the cantilever insulator is installed at a certain angle, there is an air gap arising between the small sheath icicle and the adjacent large sheath surface as well as between the large sheath icicles. The air gap acts as a strong electric field, with the rate of field strength distortion reaching 621%. After the air gap is eliminated, the large and small sheathes are connected, thus resulting in the partial failure of creepage distance in the insulator. When the ice layer on the surface of the sheath melts, the tip of the icicle tends to form a suspended droplet, causing distortion to the electric field in the surroundings. At this time, the rate of field intensity distortion as caused by the droplet can reach 4 977%. The sheath of an extraordinary shape can serve as an effective wall icicle bridge sheath to increase the spacing of air gap, thereby reducing the amount of icicle on the insulator around the place where electric field is distorted.

Key words: High-speed railway, cantilever insulator, icing characteristics, localized arc, structural optimization

中图分类号:

TM216

丁思瑜, 马建桥, 张瑞谦, 梁梦飞, 吴进桐. 接触网腕臂绝缘子覆冰特性分析及结构优化设计^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(4): 349-360.

DING Siyu, MA Jianqiao, ZHANG Ruiqian, LIANG Mengfei, WU Jintong. Analysis of Icing Characteristics and Structural Optimization Design of Catenary Cantilever Insulator[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(4): 349-360.

图/表 27

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表2

表3

图12

图13

图14

表4

图15

图16

图17

表5

图18

图19

图20

图21

图22

参考文献 24

[1]	CAO G, CAO B. Research on the wind-resistant structure of composite insulators for overhead contact system cantilever used based on fluid-structure interaction method[C]// High Voltage Engineering and Application. Chengdu,China. IEEE, 2016:1-4.
[2]	宋敏. 有限元分析在接触网绝缘子电场分析中的应用[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019, 14(2):108-114.
	SONG Min. Application of finite element analysis in electric field analysis of contact network insulators[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019, 14(2):108-114.
[3]	FAROKHI S, NEKAHI A, FARZANEH M. Mechanisms and processes of arc propagation over an ice-covered surface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(6):2634-2641. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2014.004634
[4]	YIN F, JIANG X, FARZANEH M, et al. Electrical performance of composite insulators under icing conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(6):2584-2593. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2014.004571
[5]	蒋兴良, 王波, 张志劲, 等. 串长及布置方式对高海拔覆冰绝缘子串直流冰闪电压的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(3):1-5.
	JIANG Xingliang, WANG Bo, ZHANG Zhijin, et al. Influence of length and arrangement of iced insulator strings on DC flashover voltage at high altitude districts[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008, 28(3):1-5.
[6]	LEE L, NELLIS C, BROWN J. 60 Hz test on ice coated 500 kV insulator strings[C]// IEEE/PES Summer Meeting,1975,San Francisco,USA. IEEE, 1975:A75-499-4.
[7]	董海燕, 窦建明, 王婉. 平腕臂绝缘子表面的沙尘沉积特性仿真分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2019, 16(3):773-779.
	DONG Haiyan, DOU Jianming, WANG Wan. Numerical analysis of deposition characteristics of sand-dust on flat cantilever insulator[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2019, 16(3):773-779.
[8]	董海燕, 张友鹏, 李少远, 等. 超大伞裙腕臂复合绝缘子积污分布的风洞模拟[J]. 浙江大学学报, 2019, 53(8):1563-1571.
	DONG Haiyan, ZHANG Youpeng, LI Shaoyuan, et al. Wind tunnel simulation on contamination distribution of cantilever composite insulator with booster sheds[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University, 2019, 53(8):1563-1571.
[9]	李彦哲, 李刚, 李宝学, 等. 强风环境下腕臂绝缘子雪晶沉积特性仿真分析[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2021, 35(7):217-223.
	LI Yanzhe, LI Gang, LI Baoxue, et al. Simulation analysis of snow crystal deposition characteristics of cantilever insulators in strong wind environment[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2021, 35(7):217-223.
[10]	李刚, 李彦哲. 积雪环境下复合护套瓷腕臂绝缘子电场优化仿真分析[J]. 兰州交通大学学报, 2022, 41(1):74-82.
	LI Gang, LI Yanzhe. Simulation and analysis of electric field optimization of composite sheathed porcelain cantilever insulator in snow-covered environment[J]. Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2022, 41(1):74-82.
[11]	赵多青, 曾杰, 许中平, 等. 接触网覆冰绝缘子的多物理场分析及伞裙结构优化[J]. 绝缘材料, 2022, 55(7):78-86.
	ZHAO Duoqing, ZENG Jie, XU Zhongping, et al. Multi-physical field analysis and shed structure optimization of icing insulators in catenary[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022, 55(7):78-86.
[12]	蒋兴良, 易辉. 输电线路覆冰及防护[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002.
	JIANG Xingliang, YI Hui. Transmission line icing and protection[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2002.
[13]	孙才新, 司马文霞, 舒立春. 大气环境与电气外绝缘[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002.
	SUN Caixin, SIMA Wenxia, SHU Lichun. Atmospheric environment and electrical external insulation[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2002.
[14]	舒立春, 刘延庆, 蒋兴良, 等. 盘型悬式绝缘子串自然覆冰直流放电发展路径特点及影响因素分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(8):1726-1733.
	SHU Lichun, LIU Yanqing, JIANG Xingliang, et al. Analysis on the DC discharge path of ice-covered disc type suspension insulators under natural conditions[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(8):1726-1733.
[15]	南方电网技术研究中心, 中国电力科学研究院. DL/T 1247—2013 高压直流绝缘子覆冰闪络试验方法[S]. 北京: 电力行业高压直流输电技术标准化技术委员会, 2013.
	Southern Power Grid Technology Research Center, China Electric Power Research Institute. DL/T 1247—2013 Icing flashover test methods on high voltage insulators to be used in DC system[S]. Beijing: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Standardization Technical Committee of Electric Power Industry, 2013.
[16]	袁伟. 电场对复合绝缘子覆冰及其闪络特性的影响研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2013.
	YUAN Wei. Study on the influence of electric field on icing and flashover performance of composite insulators[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2013.
[17]	马俊. 电场对输电线路绝缘子覆冰及放电特性的影响研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2010.
	MA Jun. Influence of electrical stress on insulator’s icing and the discharge characteristic of iced insulator[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2010.
[18]	冯宇宁. 基于改进直流局部放电模型的覆冰绝缘子电气特性研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳工业大学, 2019.
	FENG Yuning. Study on characteristics of ice-covered insulators based on improved DC discharge model[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2019.
[19]	钮承新. 过电压引起电力机车放电间隙击穿原因分析[J]. 电气化铁道, 2012, 23(1):24-27.
	NIU Xingliang. Reasons analysis of discharging gap breakdown of electric locomotive caused by overvoltage[J]. Electric Railway, 23(1):24-27.
[20]	蒋兴良, 韩兴波, 胡玉耀, 等. 冰棱生长对绝缘子覆冰过程的影响分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(9):2089-2096.
	JIANG Xingliang, HAN Xingbo, HU Yuyao, et al. Analysis of icicles influences on icing process of insulators[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(9):2089-2096.
[21]	蒋兴良, 韩兴波, 胡玉耀, 等. 绝缘子湿增长动态覆冰模型研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(8):2496-2503,2559.
	JIANG Xingliang, HAN Xingbo, HU Yuyao, et al. The study of dynamic wet-growth icing model of insulator[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(8):2496-2503,2559.
[22]	曹雯, 栾明杰, 申巍, 等. 交流复合绝缘子表面水珠动态行为及对闪络的影响[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2020, 24(2):151-158.
	CAO Wen, LUAN Mingjie, SHEN Wei, et al. Dynamic behavior of water droplets on AC composite insulator surface and its influence on flashover[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2020, 24(2):151-158.
[23]	麻焕成. 表面水珠对复合绝缘子串沿面放电影响的研究[D]. 西安: 西安工程大学, 2017.
	MA Huancheng. Effects of water droplets on the creeping discharge of composite insulator[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an Polytechnic University, 2017.
[24]	吕玉坤, 王佳文, 宋庆壮, 等. 水珠对复合绝缘子表面电场畸变特性的影响[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(3):1201-1207.
	LÜ Yukun, WANG Jiawen, SONG Qingzhuang, et al. Effect of water drop on electric field distortion of composite insulator[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(3):1201-1207.

类型	爬电距离 L/mm	U=90 kV U/L/(V/mm)	U=27.5 kV U/L/(V/mm)
表面洁净	1 600	56.25	17.19
8组伞裙边缘被桥接	1 216	74.01	22.62
变化百分比(%)	-24	31.58	31.59

材料	相对介电常数	电导率/(S/m)
冰棱、冰层	75	1×10^-10
外绝缘伞套	5	1×10⁻¹²
内绝缘芯棒	3	4×10⁻¹³
空气	1.01	5×10⁻¹⁵
水滴	81	3×10^-2
金具	1×10⁸	1.5×10⁷

冰棱长度/mm	E_max/(V/m)	E'/(V/m)	畸变率η(%)
20	4 639 500	111 071	4 077.06
30	4 726 920	129 144	3 560.19
50	5 743 260	113 116	4 977.32