高温超导磁悬浮列车研究综述

doi:10.11985/2015.11.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超导（1911年）和磁悬浮（1912年）各自走过了100年历史进程。超导磁悬浮列车起源于1966年,早期的低温超导磁悬浮列车从发明到完成载人运行已经走过了近50年历程。上个世纪最后一天载人高温超导（HTS）磁悬浮车“世纪号”在中国试验成功,迄今也已经走过了15年的研发历史。本文介绍HTS磁悬浮车的研究与开发进展,包括HTS一代（Bi系）线材和二代（Y系）线材的HTS磁悬浮车以及HTS块材磁悬浮车。讨论了第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类超导体块材在外磁场中的磁悬浮原理对比,介绍了用HTS体ReBCO块材的HTS磁悬浮系统的国内外研究进展。主要介绍了“交大超导”从2000年“世纪号”到2014年真空管道环形线中/低速HTS磁悬浮车研发进程,最后讨论了超高速应用的可能性。

关键词: 低温超导体, HTS体, 磁悬浮, 车辆, 列车

Abstract:

Superconductivity (1911) and magnetic levitation (1912) each has gone through 100 years of history. Superconducting magnetic levitation (Maglev) train originated the invention in 1966, this low temperature superconducting maglev (LTS Maglev) train from invention to complete the manned operation has gone through nearly 50 years of history. On the last day of a last century high temperature superconducting（HTS）Maglev vehicle “Century” is succeeded in China, so far has gone through 15 years of development history. This paper introduces the research and development of HTS Maglev vehicle, including the 1G (Bi) and 2G (Y) HTS wire Maglev vehicle, and HTS bulk Maglev vehicle. The comparison for the magnetic levitation principle between the tape Ⅰand the type Ⅱ superconductor in the applied magnetic field is mainly discussed. The research progress of magnetic levitation system using HTS ReBCO bulk is given in the world. The medium/ low speed HTS Maglev development process in the ASCLab is presented from “Century” in 2000 to ETT HTS Maglev vehicle in 2014, finally discussed the possibility of application of high / ultra-high speed.

Key words: Low temperature superconductors, high temperature superconductors, maglev, vehicle, train

中图分类号:

TM26

王家素, 王素玉. 高温超导磁悬浮列车研究综述[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(11): 1-10.

Wang Jiasu , Wang Suyu . High Temperature Superconducting Maglev Train[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10(11): 1-10.

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参数	数值
乘客座位数	4
轨道长度/ m	15.5
车体尺寸/ mm	2 268×1 038×120
车外尺寸/ m	3.5×1.2×0.8
总悬浮力/ N	6 350@gap of 20mm
悬浮间隙/ mm	20
总导向力/ N	1 980@gap of 20mm
加速度/ (m/s²)	1
驱动形式	直线感应电机

参数	数值
每米载客数	10
每米载客重/ (kgf/m)	750
每米车毛重/ (kgf/m)	400
每米悬浮重/ (kgf/m)	1 150
车长/ m	12
车总重/ t	13.8
运行速度/ (km/h)	100
加速度/ (m/s²)	0.8

序号
1	线路长度	45m 2014年6月
2	线路特征	跑道型
3	悬浮高度	10~20mm
4	车体承载	300kg（载1人）最大 1 000kg
5	推进方式	长定子直线感应电机
6	直线电机	3m（铺设长度）
7	最大加速度	0.5m/s²
8	运行速度	0?25km/h（载人）0?50km/h（空载）
9	真空度	1?0.1大气压