Thermal Runaway Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries: A Review

doi:10.11985/2022.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

With relatively high energy density, extended cycle lifespan and trivial environmental pollution, the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely employed in the electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, the recent proliferating fire and explosion accidents caused by thermal runaway(TR) has been the main shackles of restricting the large-scale application of LIBs. Therefore, the thermal safety issue of LIBs is research focus of energy storage field, where simulation is regarded as the critical technology to investigate the characteristics of TR and promote the safe application of LIBs considering its negligible cost in time and economics. The research progress of TR modelling works of LIBs at home and abroad is reviewed from the single cell scale to battery pack scale. The heat generation mechanism within batteries and corresponding thermodynamic modelling methods are expounded. Progress made in modelling the venting, combustion and explosion of gases generated by LIBs is summarized. The application of thermal resistance network model and computational fluid dynamics model in predicting the TR propagation behaviour of battery pack is analysed. Finally, the future research on TR thermal modelling of LIBs is discussed.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TM561

WANG Gongquan, KONG Depeng, PING Ping, LÜ Hongpeng. Thermal Runaway Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries: A Review[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(4): 61-71.

Figures/Tables 6

References 60

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反应	反应表达式	初始条件
SEI膜分解	$\frac{\mathrm{d}{{c}_{SEI}}}{\mathrm{d}t}=-{{A}_{SEI}}{{c}_{SEI}}\text{exp}\left( -\frac{E{{a}_{SEI}}}{RT} \right)$	c_SEI_,0=0.15
负极与电解液反应	$\frac{\mathrm{d}{{c}_{a}}}{\mathrm{d}t}=-{{A}_{a}}{{c}_{a}}\text{exp}\left( -\frac{E{{a}_{a}}}{RT} \right)\text{exp}\left( -\frac{{{c}_{SEI}}}{{{c}_{SEI,ref}}} \right)$	c_a_,0=0.75
正极与电解液反应	$\frac{\mathrm{d}{{\alpha }_{c}}}{\mathrm{d}t}={{A}_{c}}{{\alpha }_{c}}\left( 1-{{\alpha }_{c}} \right)\text{exp}\left( -\frac{E{{a}_{c}}}{RT} \right)$	〈_c_,0=0.04
内部短路	$\frac{\mathrm{dSOC}}{\mathrm{d}t}=-{{T}_{ISC}}{{A}_{ec}}\mathrm{SOC}\text{exp}\left( -\frac{E{{a}_{ec}}}{RT} \right)$	—
电解液分解	$\frac{\mathrm{d}{{c}_{e}}}{\mathrm{d}t}=-{{A}_{e}}{{c}_{e}}\text{exp}\left( -\frac{E{{a}_{e}}}{RT} \right)$	ce_,0=1
粘结剂分解	$\frac{\mathrm{d}{{c}_{PVDF}}}{\mathrm{d}t}=-{{A}_{PVDF}}{{c}_{PVDF}}\text{exp}\left( -\frac{E{{a}_{PVDF}}}{RT} \right)$	c_PVDF_,0=1

电池材料	A/s^-1		Ea/(J/mol)	H/(J/kg)	W/(kg/m³)
SEI膜	1.667×10¹⁵		1.3508×10⁵	2.57×10⁵	94.7
负极	石墨	2.5×10¹³	1.35×10⁵	1.714×10⁶	610.4
负极	Li₄Ti₅O₁₂	5.21×10¹⁹	1.88×10⁵	2.568×10⁵	610.4
正极	LiCoO₂	3.14×10⁵	6.667×10¹³	1.396×10⁵	1 300
	LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂	2.18×10⁵	7.25×10¹⁶	1.3×10⁵	1 274
	Li_1.1(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_0.9O₂	7.9×10⁵	2.25×10¹⁴	1.54×10⁵	1 293
	LiFePO₄	1.94×10⁵	2.0×10⁸	1.03×10⁵	960
电解液溶剂	EC : DEC	1.4×10¹¹⁵	1.015×10⁶	1.635×10⁵	406.9
	EC : DMC	1.95×10⁴⁰	3.742×10⁵	2.312×10⁵	406.9
	PC : DEC	3.92×10⁷¹	6.333×10⁵	3.128×10⁵	406.9
	PC : DEC	7.53×10¹⁹	1.882×10⁵	3.209×10⁵	406.9
粘结剂	PVDF	1.91×10²⁵	2.86×10⁵	1.5×10⁶	81.4