四开关Buck-Boost变换器研究综述*

doi:10.11985/2023.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

直流微电网因其结构复杂、功能多样，对系统中变换器的性能有较高要求。四开关Buck-Boost变换器具有宽范围电压变换、输入输出同极性、功率双向传输等优势，近年来得到国内外学者的广泛关注，被应用于直流微电网中的新能源发电、储能等单元。通过分析该变换器的工作原理与典型控制策略，对变换器研究中现存关键问题，模式切换与效率优化进行归纳总结。针对模式切换问题，从模式切换时死区机理出发，基于多模式控制策略，分析了模式平滑切换的典型控制方法。针对效率优化问题，归纳了影响变换器效率的关键因素，并从硬开关与软开关两个方面分析阐述了常见的效率优化方法。最后，对四开关Buck-Boost变换器的现有研究工作进行了总结与展望，为该领域的进一步研究和发展提供了理论指导。

关键词: 四开关Buck-Boost变换器, 多模式控制, 模式切换, 效率优化

Abstract:

Due to its complex structure and diverse functions, DC microgrid has higher requirements on the performance of converters in the system. The four-switch Buck-Boost converter has many advantages, such as wide range of voltage conversion, input and output polarity, power bidirectional transmission and so on. Thus, it has been widely concerned in recent years, and has been used in new energy power generation and energy storage unit of DC microgrid. The working principle and typical control strategy of the converter are analyzed and described, the key problems, including the mode switching and the efficiency optimization, are summarized. Specifically, focusing on the problem of mode switching, the dead-zone mechanism is studied, and some typical optimization methods for smooth-mode switching are analyzed based on the multimode control strategy. Then, for the problem of efficiency optimization, the key factors affecting the efficiency of the converter are summarized, and the common efficiency optimization methods are summarized from hard switch and soft switch control. Finally, the main research contents of converters are compared and summarized, which can provide references for the further research and development of this field.

Key words: Four-switch Buck-Boost converter, multimode control, mode switching, efficiency optimization

中图分类号:

TM71

任林涛, 汪飞, 肖杨婷, 丁峰, 徐慧, 余琛琛. 四开关Buck-Boost变换器研究综述^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(2): 52-69.

REN Lintao, WANG Fei, XIAO Yangting, DING Feng, XU Hui, YU Chenchen. Review Research on the Four-switch Buck-Boost Converter[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(2): 52-69.

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控制方法	工作模式	电压关系	d₁	d₂	M
单模式	—	—	D	D	D/(1－D)
双模式	Buck模式	V_i>V_o	D₁	0	D₁
双模式	Boost模式	V_i≤V_o	1	D₂	1/(1－D₂)
三模式	Buck模式	V_i>V_o	D₁	0	D₁
	Buck/Boost模式	V_i≈V_o	D₁	D₂	D₁/(1－D₂)
	Boost模式	V_i<V_o	1	D₂	1/(1－D₂)

理想u	实际u	电压关系	工作状态	M
0<u<1	D_1min≤u<D_1max	V_i>V_o	Buck 模式	u
u=1	D_1max≤u≤1+D_2min	V_i≈V_o	模式切换	1
1<u<2	1+D_2min<u≤1+D_2max	V_i<V_o	Boost 模式	1/(2－u)

工作模式	实际u	d₁	d₂	M
Buck模式	D_1min≤u<D_1max	D₁	0	D₁
Buck/Boost-1模式	D_1max≤u<1	D₁	D_2min	D₁/(1－D_2min)
Buck/Boost-2模式	1≤u≤1+D_2min	D_1max	D₂	D_1max/(1－D₂)
Boost模式	1+D_2min<u≤1+D_2max	1	D₂	1/(1－D₂)

控制方法					优点	不足	参考文献
线性控制	电压型控制		输出电压单环控制		控制方式简单，操作容易	动态性能不足	[26]
	电流型控制		平均电感电流双环控制		动态响应速度提高	操作复杂，成本增加	[48]
	前馈控制	输入电压前馈	动态载波生产		输入暂态响应能力提高	实现方式复杂	[16]
			输入电压前馈函数		实现方式简单	多模式控制理论分析不足	[49]
			快速占空比计算		实时跟踪输入电压变化，提高响应精度	对计算资源有一定要求	[50]
		电感电流前馈			补偿模式切换电感电流，实现平滑过渡	成本增加，建模复杂	[51]
	自适应控制		模式占空比补偿控制		分模式补偿，控制精度提高	补偿器设计复杂	[47]
	自适应控制		级联多模式控制		分多种模式设计控制器，控制精度提高	环节冗余	[41]
非线性控制	滑模控制				系统稳定性和动态响应较优	滑动面方程设计复杂	[53]
	模型预测控制				简化控制结构，具有良好的暂态响应能力	成本函数需要合理选取	[55]
	非线性模型设计		基于反馈线性化的非线性控制		面对扰动因素，快速响应	建模过程依赖对无源器件的精准控制	[57]
			电感电流非线性前馈控制		扩宽变换器稳定工作范围，提高变换器工作的稳定性	设计环节计算复杂	[42]
			大信号建模	统一模式控制	进行模式的实时选择，暂态响应能力较优	模型的建立需要理论支撑	[59]
				无扰切换控制			[41]
				动态模式选择			[61]

控制方法		优点	不足	参考文献
硬开关	双沿调制控制	降低电感电流纹波	削弱能量传输效率	[25]
	电感电流控制	减小平均电感电流	对电感电流检测精度与实时性要求高	[16]
	变频控制	减小开关损耗	控制复杂性增加	[63]
软开关	增加耦合电感或附加支路	提高效率，减小开关损耗	成本增加，体积增加	[64]
软开关	四边形电感电流控制	效率大大提高	电感电流模型计算复杂，计算资源大	[66]