基于区块链的光伏配电网去中心化电能交易机制*

doi:10.11985/2023.01.018

电气工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 160-168.doi: 10.11985/2023.01.018

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基于区块链的光伏配电网去中心化电能交易机制^*

陈艳霞¹(), 闻宇¹(), 赵成¹, 徐震², 王宁¹, 王阳央³

1.国家电网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院北京 100075
2.国家电网北京顺义供电公司北京 101300
3.国家电网北京昌平供电公司北京 102200

收稿日期:2021-09-07 修回日期:2022-05-01 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-19
通讯作者: 陈艳霞，女，1974年生，博士，教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向为智能配电网信息与通信技术。E-mail：chenbepc@163.com
作者简介:闻宇，女，1988年生，硕士，工程师。主要研究方向为电网继电保护及自动化技术。E-mail：edwardsy@126.com
基金资助:
*国网北京市电力公司科技资助项目(52022320006F)

Decentralized Trading Mechanism in Photovoltaic Distribution Network Based on Blockchain

CHEN Yanxia¹(), WEN Yu¹(), ZHAO Cheng¹, XU Zhen², WANG Ning¹, WANG Yangyang³

1. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing 100075
2. State Grid Beijing Shunyi Electric Power Supply Company, Beijing 101300
3. State Grid Beijing Changping Electric Power Supply Company, Beijing 102200

Received:2021-09-07 Revised:2022-05-01 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立合理、有效的配电网电力市场交易机制来激励电力用户参与需求响应，促进分布式可再生能源就地消纳，是实现配电网运营多方共赢、经济环保的重要途径。基于区块链的分布式存储和智能合约技术，提出一种配电网分布式主体参与的去中心化电能交易机制。为促进光伏就地消纳，设计了光伏内部电价模型以引导柔性负荷响应市场需求用电；在交易过程中引入信誉值模型对违约行为进行惩罚，激励光伏用户守信并保障购电用户权益。以光伏用户收益最大和柔性负荷购电成本最小为目标建立智能合约模型，购售电双方通过协商电价并制定合理的需求响应策略最终达成交易共识。最后对所提模型进行验证分析，结果表明该交易机制可有效均衡交易主体的利益，促进光伏就地消纳利用；同时可减缓配电网内功率波动，有利于系统安全灵活运行。

关键词: 区块链, 智能合约, 电能交易, 光伏用户, 柔性负荷

Abstract:

Establishing a reasonable and effective power market trading mechanism, which encourages power users to take part in demand response and promote the local consumption of distributed renewable energy, is a significant way to achieve multi-party win-win, economic, and environmental protection in the operation of the distribution network. Based on the distributed storage and smart contract technology of blockchain, an electric energy trading transaction mechanism in the distribution network is proposed. To promote the local consumption of photovoltaics, a photovoltaic internal electricity price model is designed to guide flexible loads in response to market demand for electricity. And the credit value model is introduced to punish breaches of contracts during the trading process, supervising photovoltaics users to keep their promises and protect the rights and interests of power users. Moreover, a smart contract model is established to maximize the benefits of photovoltaic users and minimize the cost of purchasing electricity for flexible loads. Both parties of buyers and sellers negotiate electricity prices and formulate reasonable demand response strategies to reach a consensus on the transaction. Finally, the proposed model is verified and analyzed, and the results show that the trading mechanism can effectively balance the interests of the trading subject and promote the local consumption and utilization of photovoltaic. Meantime, it also can reduce power fluctuations in the distribution network, which is conducive to the safe and flexible operation of the system.

Key words: Blockchain, smart contract, energy trading, photovoltaic users, flexible loads

中图分类号:

TM73

陈艳霞, 闻宇, 赵成, 徐震, 王宁, 王阳央. 基于区块链的光伏配电网去中心化电能交易机制^*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2023, 18(1): 160-168.

CHEN Yanxia, WEN Yu, ZHAO Cheng, XU Zhen, WANG Ning, WANG Yangyang. Decentralized Trading Mechanism in Photovoltaic Distribution Network Based on Blockchain[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(1): 160-168.

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文献	交易对象	关键指标	光伏消纳	需求响应	信用保障机制
[9]	分布式电能用户	交易潮流安全约束
[10]	光伏用户	加密安全算法SM2/3	√	—	—
[11]	电网公司，光伏用户	动态交易系统	√	—	√
[14]	工业用户，电动汽车	交易通信成本		√	—
[15]	新能源，电动汽车	价格博弈模型	√	√	—
[16]	需求响应电能用户	需求响应分配模型	—	√	—

时段	时段类型	电价/[元/(kW·h)]
11:00—14:00，18:00—21:00	峰时	0.99
7:00—10:00，15:00—17:00	平时	0.74
22:00—6:00	谷时	0.49

光伏用户	分布式交易/元	集中交易/元	柔性负荷	分布式交易/元	集中交易/元
1	1 244.68	681.67	1	1 662.65	1 916.39
2	624.39	414.30	2	2 638.66	2 816.95
3	1 700.87	985.46	3	1 724.54	2 015.97
4	1 106.62	732.82	4	7 446.35	8 029.12
—	—	—	5	3 020.07	3 576.15
总收益/元	4 676.56	2 814.25	总成本/元	16 492.27	18 354.58

基于区块链的光伏配电网去中心化电能交易机制^*

Decentralized Trading Mechanism in Photovoltaic Distribution Network Based on Blockchain

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