基于介电响应特性的油浸式电力变压器绝缘状态评估研究进展

doi:10.11985/2020.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油浸式电力变压器绝缘状态的可靠评估关乎整个电力系统的安稳运行,变压器油纸绝缘的介电响应特性具有测量简便、受环境干扰小、携带绝缘信息丰富、对绝缘问题灵敏性强等优点,国内外专家学者将其应用于变压器绝缘状态的无损评估中,并展开了大量研究工作。基于此,阐述了介电响应特性测量方法和原理,重点在介电响应曲线随变压器绝缘状态变化规律的定性分析、新介电响应特征参数的提取和多维介电响应特征的融合这几方面成果进行了总结,指出了现有研究的问题和不足,并根据如今智能电网的发展,展望了未来基于介电响应特性在变压器绝缘状态评估应用的研究方向。

关键词: 油浸式电力变压器, 介电响应, 绝缘状态评估, 智能融合

Abstract:

The reliable assessment of insulation state of oil immersed power transformer is related to the safe and stable operation of the whole power system. Owing to the advantages of convenient measurement, slight environmental interference, abundant insulation information, and strong sensitivity of insulation problems, the dielectric response characteristics of oil immersed power transformer are applied to the insulation state assessment of transformer by many experts and scholars at home and abroad and a lot of research work is carried out. The measurement method and principle of dielectric response characteristics are described, focusing on qualitative analysis of dielectric response curve with transformer insulation state, extraction of new dielectric response characteristic parameters and mutual fusion of multi-dimensional dielectric response characteristics. It points out the problems and shortcomings of existing research, and prospects the future research direction of the dielectric response characteristics in the transformer insulation state assessment according to the development of smart grid.

Key words: Oil immersed power transformer, dielectric response, insulation condition evaluation, intelligent fusion

中图分类号:

TM411

余浩, 黄彦钦, 尹钧毅, 孟国栋, 成永红. 基于介电响应特性的油浸式电力变压器绝缘状态评估研究进展[J]. 电气工程学报, 2020, 15(4): 1-17.

YU Hao, HUANG Yanqin, YIN Junyi, MENG Guodong, CHENG Yonghong. Review Progress on Insulation Condition Assessment of Oil Immersed Power Transformer Based on Dielectric Response Characteristics[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2020, 15(4): 1-17.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 82

[1]	成永红. 电力设备绝缘检测与诊断[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2001.
	CHENG Yonghong. Power equipment insulation testing and diagnosis[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2001.
[2]	王有元, 龚森廉, 廖瑞金, 等. 电力变压器油纸绝缘可靠性与老化特征参量间的相关性[J]. 高电压技术, 2011,37(5):1100-1105.
	WANG Youyuan, GONG Senlian, LIAO Ruijin, et al. Relationship between power transformer oil-paper insulation reliability and aging characteristic parameters[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011,37(5):1100-1105.
[3]	廖瑞金, 杨丽君, 郑含博, 等. 电力变压器油纸绝缘热老化研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012,27(5):1-12.
	LIAO Ruijin, YANG Lijun, ZHENG Hanbo, et al. Reviews on oil-paper insulation thermal aging in power transformers[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012,27(5):1-12.
[4]	欧小波, 周丹, 林春耀, 等. 油浸式电力变压器老化及寿命评估研究综述[J]. 南方电网技术, 2015,9(9):58-70.
	OU Xiaobo, ZHOU Dan, LIN Chunyao, et al. Review of aging and life assessment of oil-immersed power transformer[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2015,9(9):58-70.
[5]	SAHA T K. Review of modern diagnostic techniques for assessing insulation condition in aged transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2003,10(5):903-917. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2003.1237337
[6]	SAHA T K. Review of time-domain polarization measurements for assessing insulation condition in aged transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003,18(4):1293-1301. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.817741
[7]	DUVAL M. Dissolved gas analysis:It can save your transformer[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1989,5(6):22-27.
[8]	成永红, 陈玉, 孟永鹏, 等. 变电站电力设备绝缘综合在线监测系统的开发[J]. 高电压技术, 2007,33(8):61-65.
	CHENG Yonghong, CHEN Yu, MENG Yongpeng, et al. Development of the integrated online-monitoring system for the insulation of power equipment in the transformer substation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2007,33(8):61-65.
[9]	HEYWOOD R J, XIAO X, EMSLEY A M, et al. Degradation of cellulosic insulation in power transformers. Part 2:Formation of furan products in insulating oil[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science,Measurement and Technology, 2000,147(3):110-114. doi: 10.1049/ip-smt:20000259
[10]	OOMEN T V, ARNOLD L N. Cellulose insulation materials evaluated by degree of polymerization measurements[C]// IEEE,Nat Electr Manuf Assoc. 15th Electrical Electronics Insulation conference,October 19-22,1981,Chicago,Illinois. New York:IEEE, 1981: 257-261.
[11]	魏建林, 王世强, 吴凤娇, 等. 变压器绝缘老化引起预试电气绝缘参数变化的仿真研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2009,35(7):1618-1623.
	WEI Jianlin, WANG Shiqiang, WU Fengjiao, et al. Simulation on variation of electrical insulation parameters in predictive test caused by insulation aging of power transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2009,35(7):1618-1623.
[12]	MANNI V E. Evaluating motor ground insulation for improved operating reliability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1978,IA-14(5):402-407. doi: 10.1109/TIA.1978.4503560
[13]	刘增良, 李铁玲. 变压器介质损耗角正切值的测量与计算[J]. 高电压技术, 2006(5):115-121.
	LIU Zengliang, LI Tieling. Measurement and calculation of tanδ of transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2006(5):115-121.
[14]	李清泉, 李斯盟, 司雯, 等. 基于局部放电的电力变压器油纸绝缘状态评估关键问题分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2017,43(8):2558-2565.
	LI Qingquan, LI Simeng, SI Wen, et al. Analysis of the key problem about insulation condition assessment of oil-paper in power transformers based on partial discharge[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017,43(8):2558-2565.
[15]	MONTANARI G C. Aging and life models for insulation systems based on PD detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(4):667-675. doi: 10.1109/94.407031
[16]	FABRE J. Les critères chimiques de dégradation du papier imprégné d'huile dans les appareils électriques[J]. Revue Générale de L'électricité, 1957,66(7):17-26.
	FABRE J. Chemical degradation standard of oil impregnated paper in electrical appliances[J]. Journal of Electric Power, 1957,66(7):17-26.
[17]	BOUVIER B, MOREL J F. Mesure du taux d'humidité dans une isolation complexe par des mesures en très basse fréquence[J]. Revue Générale de L'électricité, 1966,75(11):1259-1278.
	BOUVIER B, MOREL J F. Measurement of humidity in complex isolation by very low frequency[J]. Journal of Electric Power, 1966,75(11):1259-1278.
[18]	FABRE J. Signification physique des mesuresde courant résiduel dans les éléments composites[J]. Bulletin de la Société Française des Electriciens, 1954(7):231-237.
	FABRE J. Physical meaning of residual current measurement in composite components[J]. Elecricite de France Bulletin, 1954(7):231-237.
[19]	金维芳. 电介质物理学[M].2版. 北京:科学出版社, 2003.
	JIN Weifang. Dielectric physics[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Science Press, 2003.
[20]	SAHA T K, DARVENIZA M. Characterization of thermally accelerated aged oil-paper transformer insulation by interfacial polarization spectra measurements[C]// IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc. 5th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials,May 25-30,1997,Seoul. New York:IEEE, 1997: 463-466.
[21]	FOFANA I, HEMMATJOU H, MEGHNEFI F, et al. On the frequency domain dielectric response of oil-paper insulation at low temperatures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2010,17(3):799-807. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2010.5492253
[22]	李军浩, 司文荣, 姚秀, 等. 油纸绝缘变压器老化状态评估的极化/去极化电流技术研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2009,30(12):2605-2611.
	LI Junhao, SI Wenrong, YAO Xiu, et al. Study of polarization and depolarization current measurements for assessment of aging state of oil-paper insulated transformers[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2009,30(12):2605-2611.
[23]	FOFANA I, HEMMATJOU H, FARZANEH M. Low temperature and moisture effects on polarization and depolarization currents of oil-paper insulation[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2010,80(1):91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2009.08.008
[24]	SETAYESHMEHR A, FOFANA I, EICHLER C, et al. Dielectric spectroscopic measurements on transformer oil-paper insulation under controlled laboratory conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008,15(4):1100-1111. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2008.4591233
[25]	SAHA T K, PURKAIT P. Investigation of polarization and depolarization current measurements for the assessment of oil-paper insulation of aged transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2004,11(1):144-154. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2004.1266329
[26]	SAHA T K, PURKAIT P. Investigation of an expert system for the condition assessment of transformer insulation based on dielectric response measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004,19(3):1127-1134. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829100
[27]	杨雁, 杨丽君, 徐积全, 等. 用于评估油纸绝缘热老化状态的极化/去极化电流特征参量[J]. 高电压技术, 2013,39(2):336-341.
	YANG Yan, YANG Lijun, XU Jiquan, et al. Characteristic parameters for assessing aging condition of oil-paper insulation by polarization/depolarization current[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013,39(2):336-341.
[28]	HOUHANESSIAN V D, ZAENGL W S. On-site diagnosis of power transformers by means of relaxation current measurements[C]// IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc. IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation,June 7-10,1998,Arlington,Virginia. New York:IEEE, 1998: 28-34.
[29]	SAHA T K, PURKAIT P. Understanding the impacts of moisture and thermal ageing on transformer’s insulation by dielectric response and molecular weight measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008,15(2):568-582. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2008.4483479
[30]	刘捷丰, 廖瑞金, 吕彦冬, 等. 电力变压器油纸绝缘含水量定量评估的时域介电特征量[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015,30(2):196-203.
	LIU Jiefeng, LIAO Ruijin, LÜ Yandong, et al. Time domain dielectric characteristics for quantitative assessment of moisture content in transformer oil-paper insulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015,30(2):196-203.
[31]	SAHA T K, PURKAIT P. Investigations of temperature effects on the dielectric response measurements of transformer oil-paper insulation system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008,23(1):252-260. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.911123
[32]	杨丽君, 齐超亮, 吕彦冬, 等. 热老化时间及测试温度对油纸绝缘时域介电特性的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013,33(31):162-169.
	YANG Lijun, QI Chaoliang, LÜ Yandong, et al. Study on influences of thermal aging time and testing temperatures on time-domain dielectric characteristics of oil-paper insulation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013,33(31):162-169.
[33]	FRIMPONG G, GAFVERT U, FUHR J. Measurement and modeling of dielectric response of composite oil/paper insulation[C]// IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc. 5th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials,May 25-30,1997,Seoul. New York:IEEE, 1997: 86-89.
[34]	SAHA T K, DARVENIZA M, HILL D J T, et al. Electrical and chemical diagnostics of transformers insulation-Part A:Aged transformer samples[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1997,12(4):1547-1554. doi: 10.1109/61.634174
[35]	OSVATH P, ZAHN H. Polarisation spectrum analysis for diagnosis of oil/paper insulation systems[C]// IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc. June 5-8,1994,IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania. New York:IEEE, 1994: 155-161.
[36]	BOGNAR A, KALOCSAI L, CSEPES G. Diagnostic tests of high voltage oil-paper insulating systems(in particular transformer insulation)using DC dielectrometrics[C]// CIGRE. 33rd Session International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems,August 26-September 1,1990,Paris.Paris:CIGRE, 1990:15/33-08/1.
[37]	HASSAN O, BORSI H, GOCKENBACH E, et al. Diagnostic of insulation condition of oil impregnated paper insulation systems with return voltage measurements[C]// IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc. Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,October 19-22,2003,Albuquerque,New Mexico. New York:IEEE, 2003: 153-156.
[38]	彭华东, 董明, 刘媛, 等. 回复电压法用于变压器油纸绝缘老化状态评估[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2012,28(9):6-12.
	PENG Huadong, DONG Ming, LIU Yuan, et al. Transformer oil-paper insulation ageing condition assessment using return voltage measurements[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2012,28(9):6-12.
[39]	JADAV R, EKANAYAKE C, SAHA T K. Understanding the impact of moisture and ageing of transformer insulation on frequency domain spectroscopy[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014,21(1):369-379. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2013.003984
[40]	LIAO Ruijin, LIU Jiefeng, YANG Lijun, et al. Quantitative analysis of insulation condition of oil-paper insulation based on frequency domain spectroscopy[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015,22(1):322-334. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2014.004490
[41]	BLENNOW J, EKANAYAKE C, WALCZAK K, et al. Field experiences with measurements of dielectric response in frequency domain for power transformer diagnostics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006,21(2):681-688. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.861231
[42]	LINHJELL D, LUNDGAARD L, GAFVERT U. Dielectric response of mineral oil impregnated cellulose and the impact of aging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007,14(1):156-169. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2007.302884
[43]	EKANAYAKE C, GUBANSKI S M, GRACZKOWSKI A, et al. Frequency response of oil impregnated pressboard and paper samples for estimating moisture in transformer insulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006,21(3):1309-1317. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.877632
[44]	杨丽君, 齐超亮, 吕彦冬, 等. 变压器油纸绝缘状态的频域介电谱特征参量及评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015,30(1):212-219.
	YANG Lijun, QI Chaoliang, LÜ Yandong, et al. Characteristic parameters and assessment methods of frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy of oil-paper insulation for transformers[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015,30(1):212-219.
[45]	YEW J H, PRADHAN M K, SAHA T K. Effects of moisture and temperature on the frequency domain spectroscopy analysis of power transformer insulation[C]// 2008 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting,July 20-24,2008,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania. Piscataway:IEEE, 2008: 1-8.
[46]	LUNDGAARD L E, LINHJELL D, HESTAD O L, et al. High frequency dielectric response of paper/oil insulation[C]// 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids,June 30-July 3,2008,Futuroscope-Chasseneuil. Piscataway:IEEE, 2008: 1-4.
[47]	MENG F B, LI W D, ZHAO A X, et al. Development of time and frequency domain dielectric response testing device for power apparatus insulation[C]// IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc. 2016 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis,September 25-28,2016,Xi’an,China. New York:IEEE, 2016: 416-419.
[48]	郝建, 程佳路, 戴锡泽, 等. 电力设备高电压时/频域介电响应特性测量系统及方法:中国,CN202010129629.1 [P]. 2020-05-29.
	HAO Jian, CHENG Jialu, DAI Xize, et al. High voltage time/frequency domain dielectric response measurement system and method for power equipment:China,CN202010129629.1[P] 2020-05-29.
[49]	周利军, 叶果, 刘栋财, 等. 基于复合频率激励的低频介电响应快速测试方法[J]. 高电压技术, 2016,42(11):3548-3553.
	ZHOU Lijun, YE Guo, LIU Dongcai, et al. Rapid testing method of low frequency dielectric response based on multiple frequency excitation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016,42(11):3548-3553.
[50]	YANG X, NIELSEN S, LEDWICH G. Frequency domain spectroscopy measurements of oil-paper insulation for energized transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017,24(3):1657-1664. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2017.005863
[51]	张璐, 李洋, 吴经锋, 等. 无源式频域介电谱在线测量分析系统及方法:中国,CN201910411814.7[P]. 2019-09-03.
	ZHANG Lu, LI Yang, WU Jingfeng, et al. Passive on line measurement and analysis system and method of frequency domain dielectric spectrum:China,CN201910411814.7[P]. 2019-09-03.
[52]	穆海宝, 赵浩翔, 詹江杨, 等. 一种基于变压器内置油纸绝缘试样介电响应特性的变压器内水分测量系统:中国,CN201810327879.9[P]. 2018-09-28.
	MU Haibao, ZHAO Haoxiang, ZHAN Jiangyang, et al. A moisture measurement system in transformer based on dielectric response characteristics of oil paper insulation sample in transformer:China,CN201810327879.9[P]. 2018-09-28.
[53]	SAHA T K, PURKAIT P, MULLER F. Deriving an equivalent circuit of transformers insulation for understanding the dielectric response measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005,20(1):149-157. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.835436
[54]	廖瑞金, 郝建, 杨丽君, 等. 变压器油纸绝缘频域介电谱特性的仿真与实验研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010,30(22):113-119.
	LIAO Ruijin, HAO Jian, YANG Lijun, et al. Simulation and experimental study on frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy of oil-paper insulation for transformers[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010,30(22):113-119.
[55]	汤明杰, 雷敏, 白帆, 等. 采用向量匹配法的油纸绝缘系统扩展Debye模型参数识别[J]. 高电压技术, 2014,40(2):548-556.
	TANG Mingjie, LEI Min, BAI Fan, et al. Parameter identification based on vector fitting method for extended Debye model of oil-paper insulation system[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014,40(2):548-556.
[56]	吴广宁, 宋臻杰, 辛东立. 基于扩展Debye模型仿真的回复电压特征量分析[J]. 高压电器, 2017,53(1):8-13.
	WU Guangning, SONG Zhenjie, XIN Dongli. Analysis of RVM characteristics based on the extended Debye model simulation[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2017,53(1):8-13.
[57]	杜林, 杨峰, 蔚超, 等. 基于频域介电谱的油纸绝缘宽频等效模型参数辨识研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018,33(5):1158-1166.
	DU Lin, YANG Feng, WEI Chao, et al. Parameter identification of the wide-band model of oil-impregnated paper insulation using frequency domain spectroscopy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018,33(5):1158-1166.
[58]	高竣, 廖瑞金, 王有元, 等. 基于扩展Debye模型的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016,31(4):211-217.
	GAO Jun, LIAO Ruijin, WANG Youyuan, et al. Ageing characteristic quantities of oil-paper insulation for transformers based on extended Debye model[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016,31(4):211-217.
[59]	唐盼, 尹毅, 吴建东, 等. 基于去极化电流法的变压器油纸绝缘状态[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2012,31(4):39-42,47.
	TANG Pan, YIN Yi, WU Jiandong, et al. Study of oil-paper insulated transformers aging state based on depolarization current measurements[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2012,31(4):39-42,47.
[60]	蔡金锭, 林智勇, 蔡嘉. 基于等效电路参数的变压器油中糠醛含量判别法研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2016,37(3):706-713.
	CAI Jinding, LIN Zhiyong, CAI Jia. Study on the discrimination method of furfural content in transformer oil based on equivalent circuit parameters[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016,37(3):706-713.
[61]	杜林, 冉鹂蔓, 蔚超, 等. 基于扩展德拜模型的油纸绝缘受潮频域特征量研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018,33(13):3051-3058.
	DU Lin, RAN Liman, WEI Chao, et al. Study on frequency domain characteristics of moisture in oil-paper insulation based on extended Debye model[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018,33(13):3051-3058.
[62]	ZHENG Yiming, WANG Zanji. Study on broadband loss characteristics of oil-immersed papers for fast transient modeling of power transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2013,20(2):564-570.
[63]	董明, 刘媛, 任明, 等. 油纸绝缘频域介电谱解释方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015,35(4):1002-1008. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2015.04.030
	DONG Ming, LIU Yuan, REN Ming, et al. Explanation study of frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy for oil-paper insulation system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015,35(4):1002-1008.
[64]	WOLNY S, ADAMOWICZ A, LEPICH M. Influence of temperature and moisture level in paper-oil insulation on the parameters of the Cole-Cole model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014,29(1):246-250. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2270917
[65]	杨丽君, 高思航, 高竣, 等. 油纸绝缘频域介电谱的修正Cole-Cole模型特征参量提取及水分含量评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016,31(10):26-33.
	YANG Lijun, GAO Sihang, GAO Jun, et al. Characteristic parameters extracted from modified Cole-Cole model and moisture content assessment methods study on frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy of oil-paper insulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016,31(10):26-33.
[66]	刘骥, 尹梦涵, 李秀婧, 等. 油纸绝缘老化评估的Davidson-Cole模型参数提取方法[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2017,21(3):63-70.
	LIU Ji, YIN Menghan, LI Xiujing, et al. Parameters extraction of Davidson-Cole model on aging assessment of oil-paper insulation[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2017,21(3):63-70.
[67]	董明, 刘媛, 任明, 等. 油纸绝缘频域介电谱特征参数提取及绝缘状态相关性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015,35(23):6246-6253. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2015.23.033
	DONG Ming, LIU Yuan, REN Ming, et al. Study of characteristic parameter extraction and insulation condition correlation of frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy for oil-paper insulation systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015,35(23):6246-6253.
[68]	刘庆珍, 张晓燕, 蔡金锭. 基于多元模糊联系度模型的变压器油纸绝缘老化评价[J]. 高压电器, 2020,56(5):47-54.
	LIU Qingzhen, ZHANG Xiaoyan, CAI Jinding. Aging state evaluation of oil-paper insulation transformer based on multivariate fuzzy relation degree model[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2020,56(5):47-54.
[69]	LIU Jiefeng, ZHENG Hanbo, ZHANG Yiyi, et al. Grey relational analysis for insulation condition assessment of power transformers based upon conventional dielectric response measurement[J]. Energies, 2017,10(10):1526. doi: 10.3390/en10101526
[70]	吴晋媛, 夏国强, 李通, 等. 基于时域介电法和动态贝叶斯网络的变压器油纸绝缘老化状态评估[J]. 高压电器, 2019,55(10):196-203.
	WU Jinyuan, XIA Guoqiang, LI Tong, et al. Assessment of aging state of transformer oil-paper insulation based on time domain dielectric method and dynamic bayesian network[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2019,55(10):196-203.
[71]	廖瑞金, 孟繁津, 周年荣, 等. 基于集对分析和证据理论融合的变压器内绝缘状态评估方法[J]. 高电压技术, 2014,40(2):474-481.
	LIAO Ruijin, MENG Fanjin, ZHOU Nianrong, et al. Assessment strategy for inner insulation condition of power transformer based on set-pair analysis and evidential reasoning decision-making[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014,40(2):474-481.
[72]	阮羚, 谢齐家, 高胜友, 等. 人工神经网络和信息融合技术在变压器状态评估中的应用[J]. 高电压技术, 2014,40(3):822-828.
	RUAN Ling, XIE Qijia, GAO Shengyou, et al. Application of artificial neural network and information fusion technology in power transformer condition assessment[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014,40(3):822-828.
[73]	廖瑞金, 张镱议, 黄飞龙, 等. 基于可拓分析法的电力变压器本体绝缘状态评估[J]. 高电压技术, 2012,38(3):521-526.
	LIAO Ruijin, ZHANG Yiyi, HUANG Feilong, et al. Power transformer condition assessment strategy using matter element analysis[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2012,38(3):521-526.
[74]	孙莹, 高贺, 李可军, 等. 基于多时段信息融合的配电变压器运行状态评估模型[J]. 高电压技术, 2016,42(7):2054-2062.
	SUN Ying, GAO He, LI Kejun, et al. Condition assessment model of distribution transformer based on multi-period information fusion[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016,42(7):2054-2062.
[75]	齐波, 张鹏, 荣智海, 等. 基于数据驱动和多判据融合的油色谱监测传感器有效性评估方法[J]. 电网技术, 2017,41(11):3662-3669.
	QI Bo, ZHANG Peng, RONG Zhihai, et al. Validity assessment method of dga sensors based on data driven and multiple criterion integration[J]. Power System Technology, 2017,41(11):3662-3669.
[76]	周湶, 王时征, 廖瑞金, 等. 基于AdaBoost优化云理论的变压器故障诊断方法[J]. 高电压技术, 2015,41(11):3804-3811.
	ZHOU Quan, WANG Shizheng, LIAO Ruijin, et al. Power transformer fault diagnosis method based on cloud model of AdaBoost algorithm[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015,41(11):3804-3811.
[77]	李穆, 卢文华, 向冬冬. 输变电设备智能化运维系统研究与应用[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015,10(7):71-77.
	LI Mu, LU Wenhua, XIANG Dongdong. Study on power transmission and transformation equipment intelligent operation and maintenance system and its application[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015,10(7):71-77.
[78]	杨洲, 宫俊, 车文彬, 等. 智能变电站状态估计的工程应用[J]. 电气工程学报, 2017,12(10):31-36.
	YANG Zhou, GONG Jun, CHE Wenbin, et al. Application of state estimation in intelligent substations[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2017,12(10):31-36.
[79]	蒲天骄, 乔骥, 韩笑, 等. 人工智能技术在电力设备运维检修中的研究及应用[J]. 高电压技术, 2020,46(2):369-383.
	PU Tianjiao, QIAO Ji, HAN Xiao, et al. Research and application of artificial intelligence in operation and maintenance for power equipment[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020,46(2):369-383.
[80]	江秀臣, 盛戈皞. 电力设备状态大数据分析的研究和应用[J]. 高电压技术, 2018,44(4):1041-1050.
	JIANG Xiuchen, SHENG Gehao. Research and application of big data analysis of power equipment condition[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018,44(4):1041-1050.
[81]	王刘旺, 周自强, 林龙, 等. 人工智能在变电站运维管理中的应用综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2020,46(1):1-13.
	WANG Liuwang, ZHOU Ziqiang, LIN Long, et al. Review on artificial intelligence in substation operation and maintenance management[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020,46(1):1-13.
[82]	孙志鹏, 孙志龙, 魏建. 基于决策树支持向量机算法的电力变压器故障诊断研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019,14(4):42-45.
	SUN Zhipeng, SUN Zhilong, WEI Jian. Research on power transformer fault diagnosis based on decision tree support vector machine algorithm[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019,14(4):42-45.

检测方法	优点	缺点	主要结论
PDC	对于变压器绝缘状态变化的反应较灵敏、测量设备简单,现场测量容易实现	测量容易受到电荷累积的影响,初始极化去极化电流难以测量,高频信息损失严重	曲线的起始部分主要由绝缘油的老化状态决定,而曲线的中间部分主要和绝缘结构、形状等因素有关,曲线的末端部分则主要受到绝缘纸的影响
RVM	测量设备简单,现场测量容易实现	除了包含PDC方法的缺点外,对变压器绝缘状态映射不够精准、全面,只能得到油纸绝缘的老化整体状况	绝缘老化和水分含量会导致极化谱主时间常数显著减小
FDS	测量不会受到介质空间电荷积累的影响;携带绝缘信息更加丰富、能够对变压器不同绝缘位置、结构和不同绝缘问题类型进行更准确评估	在低频测量时,耗费时间太长	FDS曲线的低频和高频部分反映的是绝缘微水和老化状态的作用,而曲线中间部分则受到油电导率和绝缘几何结构影响