Research Status and Prospect of Microgrid Stability under Pulsed Power Loads

doi:10.11985/2022.01.002

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, the development of microgrid and power electronics technology provides a new application environment and platform for pulsed power load, and the application of pulsed power load in on-board microgrid and ship power system is becoming more and more common. However, these pulse loads pose great challenges to the stable and safe operation of microgrid due to their unique operating characteristics. Based on this, the influence of pulse power load on the stability of microgrid is focused, the research content at home and abroad are summarized, including electronic radar, electromagnetic emission and recycling equipment, pulse weapons, such as pulse power load type, periodic disturbance, strong nonlinearity, the bus voltage and frequency instability mechanism, such as the influence of the stability analysis, the energy storage system, such as virtual synchronization technology strategy. Finally, the future research direction of microgrid stability under pulse power load is analyzed, and the future research is prospected based on the existing problems.

Key words: Microgrid, pulse power load, stability, instability mechanism, coping strategies

CLC Number:

TM561

MENG Zhiyuan, XU Hailiang, LIU Chunzhen. Research Status and Prospect of Microgrid Stability under Pulsed Power Loads[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(1): 2-14.

Figures/Tables 18

References 78

[1]	严鋆, 王金全, 陈颖, 等. 基于开关函数的脉冲功率负载大信号模型研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(16):3509-3517.
	YAN Jun, WANG Jinquan, CHEN Ying, et al. Study on large-signal model for pulsed power load based on switching functions[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(16):3509-3517.
[2]	吕闯, 解璞, 刘正春, 等. 脉冲负载对微电网运行特性影响规律的试验研究[J]. 电气传动, 2018, 48(1):60-64.
	LÜ Chuang, XIE Pu, LIU Zhengchun, et al. Experimental study on the influence of pulse load of microgrid operation characteristics[J]. Electric Drive, 2018, 48(1):60-64.
[3]	KULKARNI S, SANTOSO S. Impact of pulsed loads on electric ship power system:With and without flywheel energy storage system[C]// IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, 2009.
[4]	刘正春, 王勇, 尹志勇, 等. 有限容量系统脉冲性负荷建模与仿真[J]. 华北电力大学学报, 2014, 41(1):33-37.
	LIU Zhengchun, WANG Yong, YIN Zhiyong, et al. Modeling and simulation of pulsed power load inlimited capacity system[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University, 2014, 41(1):33-37.
[5]	王新枝, 夏立, 张超, 等. 脉冲负载管理研究现状[J]. 中国航海, 2014, 37(1):39-44.
	WANG Xinzhi, XIA Li, ZHANG Chao, et al. A review of pulsed load management[J]. Navigation of China, 2014, 37(1):39-44.
[6]	ARNAUD C, BASATAUD D, NEBUS J, et al. An active pulsed RF and pulsed DC load-pull system for the characterization of HBT power amplifiers used in coherent radar and communication systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques, 2000, 48(12):2625-2629. doi: 10.1109/22.899022
[7]	肖润龙, 王刚, 徐晨, 等. 含脉冲负载的中压直流综合电力系统的无迹卡尔曼动态状态估计方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(23):7555-7566.
	XIAO Runlong, WANG Gang, XU Chen, et al. An unscented Kalman filter based dynamic state estimation for the medium-voltage DC integrated power system with pulse load[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(23):7555-7566.
[8]	孟康, 解璞, 张乐, 等. 用于脉冲负载的光伏-混合储能系统[J]. 现代雷达, 2019, 41(1):84-87.
	MENG Kang, XIE Pu, ZHANG Le, et al. Photovoltaic hybrid energy storage system for pulse load[J]. Modern Radar, 2019, 41(1):84-87.
[9]	侯朋飞, 王金全, 季少卫, 等. 柴油发电机组带雷达脉冲负载暂态特性研究[J]. 现代雷达, 2017, 39(5):89-94.
	HOU Pengfei, WANG Jinquan, JI Shaowei, et al. A study on transient characteristics of diesel generating sets with radar pulsed load[J]. Modern Radar, 2017, 39(5):89-94.
[10]	WANG G, XIAO R, WU X. Analysis of integrated power system with pulse load by periodic orbit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2019, 47(2):1345-1351. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2018.2890338
[11]	WEAVER W W, ROBINETT R D, WILSON D G, et al. Metastability of pulse power loads using the Hamiltonian surface shaping method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2017, 32(2):820-828. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2017.2652980
[12]	严鋆, 王金全, 黄克峰, 等. 脉冲功率负载等效拓扑及潮流计算模型分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(23):5523-5531.
	YAN Jun, WANG Jinquan, HUANG Kefeng, et al. Analysis of equivalent topology and power-flow calculation model for pulsed power load[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(23):5523-5531.
[13]	IRANMANESH H, AFSHAR A. MPC-based control of a large-scale power system subject to consecutive pulse load variations[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5:26318-26327. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2772866
[14]	TAN M, MEHMET H T, OSANMA A. Control of a hybrid ac/dc microgrid involving energy storage and pulsed loads[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(1):567-575. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2016.2613981
[15]	FADDEL S, SAAD A A, HARIRI M E, et al. Coordination of hybrid energy storage for ship power systems with pulsed loads[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, 56(2):1136-1145. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2958293
[16]	MCREE B J, WETZ D A, DODSON D A, et al. Hardware-in-the-loop model validation of charging capacitors with multipulse rectifiers for high rep-rate shipboard-pulsed dc loads[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2018, 46(10):3591-3598. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2018.2829264
[17]	甄洪斌, 张晓锋, 沈兵, 等. 脉冲负荷对舰船综合电力系统的冲击作用研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(12):85-88.
	ZHEN Hongbin, ZHANG Xiaofeng, SHEN Bing, et al. Research on impact of pulsed power loads on naval integrated power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(12):85-88.
[18]	SADEGH M, MOSTAFA Z, SHAHRIYAR K. A voltage balancing scheme for series IGBTs to increase their expected lifetime in pulsed load applications[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(1):461-471. doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2958357
[19]	JANKOVIC M, COSTABEBER A, WATSON A J, et al. Arm balancing control and experimental validation of a grid connected MMC with pulsed dc load[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(12):9180-9190. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2711516
[20]	邢鑫, 王金全, 罗珊, 等. 柴油发电机组建模及其带脉冲负载系统运行分析[J]. 现代雷达, 2019, 41(6):74-81,85.
	XING Xin, WANG Jinquan, LUO Shan, et al. Diesel generator set modeling and analysis of operation with pulsed load system[J]. Modern Radar, 2019, 41(6):74-81,85.
[21]	黄家豪, 王金全, 黄克峰, 等. 含脉冲负载独立微电网的柴-储协调控制策略[J]. 现代雷达, 2019, 41(8):82-89.
	HUANG Jiahao, WANG Jinquan, HUANG Kefeng, et al. Diesel-storage coordinated control of isolated microgrid with pulse load[J]. Modern Radar, 2019, 41(8):82-89.
[22]	郑连清, 庄琛, 马世强, 等. 微电网改进负荷功率分配策略与并网稳定性分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2015, 35(4):17-23.
	ZHENG Lianqing, ZHUANG Chen, MA Shiqiang, et al. Improved load power allocation strategy for microgrid and grid-connection stability analysis[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2015, 35(4):17-23.
[23]	CHIRIKOV R, ROCCA P, MANICA L, et al. Innovative GA-based strategy for polyomino tiling in phased array design[C]// European Conference on Antennas & Propagation, 2013.
[24]	解腾, 徐晔, 王金全, 等. 一种新型脉冲负载对电网运行的影响规律[J]. 现代雷达, 2018, 40(10):78-84.
	XIE Teng, XU Ye, WANG Jinquan, et al. Influence rule of a new pulse load on power grid operation[J]. Modern Radar, 2018, 40(10):78-84.
[25]	DUAN J, XU H, LIU W, et al. Zero-sum game based cooperative control for onboard pulsed power load accommodation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2020, 16(1):238-247. doi: 10.1109/TII.2019.2916054
[26]	XIE R, CHEN Y, WANG Z, et al. Online periodic coordination of multiple pulsed loads on all-electric ships[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2020, 35(4):2658-2669. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2961147
[27]	FENG X Y, PURRY B, ZOURNTOS T. A multi-agent system framework for real-time electric load management on MVAC all-electric ship power systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015, 30(3):1327-1335. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2340393
[28]	吴骏, 方世源, 吴国栋, 等. 含大功率脉冲性负荷的船舶供电系统设计[J]. 船舶工程, 2019, 41(6):63-71,124.
	WU Jun, FANG Shiyuan, WU Guodong, et al. Design of ship power supply with high power pulsed loads[J]. Ship Engineering, 2019, 41(6):63-71,124.
[29]	胡亚超, 徐晔, 李建科, 等. 柴油发电机组-脉冲负载系统运行行为仿真[J]. 现代雷达, 2015, 37(6):74-77.
	HU Yachao, XU Ye, LI Jianke, et al. Simulation on operation action for system consisted of diesel generator sets and pulse load[J]. Modern Radar, 2015, 37(6):74-77.
[30]	ELSAYED A T, YOUSSEF T A, MOHAMMED O A. Modeling and control of a low speed flywheel driving system for pulsed load mitigation in DC distribution networks[C]// Industry Applications Society Meeting, 2015.
[31]	林松, 孙勇. 基本的周期性脉动负载供电特性分析[J]. 船电技术, 2018, 38(8):17-21.
	LIN Song, SUN Yong. Power circuit characteristic analysis with basic period pulse load[J]. Marine Electric＆Electronic Engineering, 2018, 38(8):17-21.
[32]	李斌, 孙红兵, 周志鹏. 有源相控阵雷达电源分配网络特性分析[J]. 现代雷达, 2017, 39(10):79-82.
	LI Bin, SUN Hongbing, ZHOU Zhipeng. Characteristic analysis of the power distribution network in active phased array radar[J]. Modern Radar, 2017, 39(10):79-82.
[33]	孙志豪, 黄文焘, 吴骏, 等. 含脉冲负载的船舶综合电力系统建模与仿真[J]. 船电技术, 2020, 40(S1):56-62.
	SUN Zhihao, HUANG Wentao, WU Jun, et al. The modeling and simulation of integrated power system with pulse load[J]. Ship Electric Technology, 2020, 40(S1):56-62.
[34]	陈宇航, 王刚. 含脉冲负载的综合电力系统运行特性分析[J]. 船电技术, 2016, 36(6):1-5.
	CHEN Yuhang, WANG Gang. Analysis of operation characteristics of integrated power system with impulsive loads[J]. Ship Electric Technology, 2016, 36(6):1-5.
[35]	刘正春, 朱长青, 王勇, 等. 脉冲负载下电力系统暂稳态功率特性[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(9):3018-3024.
	LIU Zhengchun, ZHU Changqing, WANG Yong, et al. Transient and steady-state power characteristics of power system with pulsed load[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(9):3018-3024.
[36]	韩航星, 严豪杰, 徐晔, 等. 脉冲负载作用下衡量电压畸变率的方法研究[J]. 现代雷达, 2016, 38(2):70-74,94.
	HAN Hangxing, YAN Haojie, XU Ye, et al. A study on the method measuring the distortion rate of voltage under the action of pulse load[J]. Modern Radar, 2016, 38(2):70-74,94.
[37]	刘正春, 朱长青, 赵锦成, 等. 独立电力系统非线性负荷暂态特性仿真[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(1):329-336.
	LIU Zhengchun, ZHU Changqing, ZHAO Jincheng, et al. Simulations on transient characteristics of non-linear load in isolated power system[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(1):329-336.
[38]	李锴, 李建科, 季少卫, 等. 一种现代雷达非线性脉冲特性的模拟装置[J]. 现代雷达, 2016, 38(3):91-94.
	LI Kai, LI Jianke, JI Shaowei, et al. A simulation device based on modern radar with continuous pulse characteristic[J]. Modern Radar, 2016, 38(3):91-94.
[39]	FARHADI M, MOHAMMED O. Adaptive energy management in redundant hybrid dc microgrid for pulse load mitigation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2015, 6(1):54-62. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2347253
[40]	孙勇, 林松, 卢胜利, 等. 长脉宽模式下雷达供电系统功率波动机理研究[J]. 电源学报, 2021, 19(3):134-141.
	SUN Yong, LIN Song, LU Shengli, et al. Study on power fluctuation mechanism of radar power system with long pulse width mode[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2021, 19(3):134-141.
[41]	刘正春, 朱长青, 王勇, 等. 带脉冲负载的独立电力系统源载耦合关系及功率分配[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(4):1161-1170.
	LIU Zhengchun, ZHU Changqing, WANG Yong, et al. Study on sourced-load coupling and power distribution of isolated power system with pulsed load[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(4):1161-1170.
[42]	HOU P, XU Y, LI J, et al. A pulsed load model and its impact on a synchronous-rectifier system[J]. International Journal of Electronics, 2016, 104(2):343-354. doi: 10.1080/00207217.2016.1216179
[43]	SHI M, WANG P, WANG J, et al. Analysis of operation characteristics of a diesel generator set with constant-power pulsed load[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2019, 14:2301-2313. doi: 10.1007/s42835-019-00285-9
[44]	LI Z, SHAHIDEHPOUR M. Small-signal modeling and stability analysis of hybrid ac/dc microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(2):2080-2095. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2788042
[45]	WEN B, BOROYEVICH D, BURGOS R, et al. Small-signal stability analysis of three-phase ac systems in the presence of constant power loads based on measured d-q frame impedances[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(10):5952-5963. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2378731
[46]	HOSSEINIPOUR A, HOJABRI H. Small-signal stability analysis and active damping control of dc microgrids integrated with distributed electric springs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2020, 11(5):3737-3747. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2981132
[47]	厉泽坤, 孔力, 裴玮. 直流微电网大扰动稳定判据及关键因素分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(12):3993-4002.
	LI Zekun, KONG Li, PEI Wei. Analysis of stability criterion and key factors of dc microgrid under large disturbance[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(12):3993-4002.
[48]	CHANG D, CUI X, WANG M, et al. Large-signal stability criteria in dc power grids with distributed-controlled converters and constant power loads[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2020, 11(6):5273-5287. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2998041
[49]	MARX D, MAGNE P, NAHID-MOBARAKEH B, et al. Large signal stability analysis tools in dc power systems with constant power loads and variable power loads:A review[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(4):1773-1787. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2170202
[50]	施婕, 郑漳华, 艾芊. 直流微电网建模与稳定性分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2010, 30(2):86-90.
	SHI Jie, ZHENG Zhanghua, AI Qian. Modeling of dc microgrid and stability analysis[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2010, 30(2):86-90.
[51]	LI J, WANG J, XU Y, et al. Research on the transient characteristics of microgrid with pulsed load[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015, 2015(12):1-15.
[52]	马凡, 马伟明, 付立军, 等. 直流侧电流断续时不控整流器的动态大信号数学模型建立与验证[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(12):36-42.
	MA Fan, MA Weiming, FU Lijun, et al. Dynamic large signal modeling and validation of diode rectifiers operating in discontinuous current mode[J]. Proceedings of CSEE, 2010, 30(12):36-42.
[53]	孙谦浩, 李亚楼, 宋强, 等. 基于桥臂基波平均开关函数的MMC模型在直流电网仿真中的应用[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2018, 38(8):24-30.
	SUN Qianhao, LI Yalou, SONG Qiang, et al. Application of MMC model based on arm fundamental wave average switching function in DC grid simulation[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2018, 38(8):24-30.
[54]	李子林, 汪娟娟, 李瑶佳, 等. 基于实际换相电压过零点的高压直流换流器开关函数建模[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(18):5389-5398,5538.
	LI Zilin, WANG Juanjuan, LI Yaojia, et al. A switching function model of HVDC converters based on actual zero crossing points of commutating voltages[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(18):5389-5398,5538.
[55]	ABEYWARDANA D, HREDZAK B, AGELIDIS V G, et al. Supercapacitor sizing method for energy controlled filter based hybrid energy storage systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(2):1626-1637. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2552198
[56]	LI X, ANVARI B, PALAZZOLO A, et al. A utility scale flywheel energy storage system with a shaft-less,hub-less,high strength steel rotor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 65(8):6667-6675. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2772205
[57]	FAN B, WANG C, YANG Q, et al. Performance guaranteed control of flywheel energy storage system for pulsed power load accommodation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33(4):3994-4004. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2774273
[58]	MOHAMED A, SALEHI V, MOHAMMED O. Real-time energy management algorithm for mitigation of pulse loads in hybrid microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, 3(4):1911-1922. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2200702
[59]	张宇涵, 杜贵平, 雷雁雄, 等. 直流微网混合储能系统控制策略现状及展望[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2021, 49(3):177-187.
	ZHANG Yuhan, DU Guiping, LEI Yanxiong, et al. Current status and prospects of control strategy for a DC micro grid hybrid energy storage system[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49(3):177-187.
[60]	WEI J, ZHU C, CHEN Y, et al. The active power control of cascaded multilevel converter based hybrid energy storage system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(8):8241-8253. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2882450
[61]	SHARMA R K, MISHRA S. Dynamic power management and control of PV PEM fuel cell based standalone ac/dc microgrid using hybrid energy storage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 54(1):526-538. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2756032
[62]	侯世英, 毕晓辉, 孙韬, 等. 微电网孤岛状态下新型混合储能控制策略研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2017, 21(5):15-22.
	HOU Shiying, BI Xiaohui, SUN Tao, et al. Control strategy of hybrid energy storage under microgrid islanding operation state[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2017, 21(5):15-22.
[63]	程龙, 张方华. 用于混合储能系统平抑功率波动的小波变换方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2021, 41(3):100-104,128.
	CHENG Long, ZHANG Fanghua. Wavelet transform method for hybrid energy storage system smoothing power fluctuation[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2021, 41(3):100-104,128.
[64]	SUN Y, TANG X, JIA D, et al. Model predictive control and improved low-pass filtering strategies based on wind power fluctuation mitigation[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2019, 7(3):512-524. doi: 10.1007/s40565-018-0474-5
[65]	YANG X, HE H, LI J, et al. Toward optimal risk-averse configuration for HESS with CGANs-based PV scenario generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics:Systems, 2021, 51(3):1779-1793. doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2019.2905776
[66]	MAHMOOD H, MICHAELSON D, JIANG J. A power management strategy for PV/battery hybrid systems in islanded microgrids[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2014, 2(4):870-882. doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2334051
[67]	LI W, XU C, YU H, et al. Energy management with dual droop plus frequency dividing coordinated control strategy for electric vehicle applications[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems & Clean Energy, 2015, 3(2):212-220.
[68]	CHEN X, ZHOU J, SHI M, et al. A novel virtual resistor and capacitor droop control for HESS in medium voltage dc system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2019, 34(4):2518-2527. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2894754
[69]	XIAO Q, CHEN L, JIA H, et al. Model predictive control for dual active bridge in naval DC microgrids supplying pulsed power loads featuring fast transition and online transformer current minimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, 67(6):5197-5203. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2934070
[70]	MARDANI M M, KHOOBAN M H, MASOUDIAN A, et al. Model predictive control of DC-DC converters to mitigate the effects of pulsed power loads in naval dc microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66(7):5676-5685. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2877191
[71]	HOSSEINZADEHTAHER M, KHAN A, EASLEY M, et al. Self-healing predictive control of battery system in naval power system with pulsed power loads[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2021, 36(2):1056-1069. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2020.3014294
[72]	曾繁宏, 张俊勃. 电力系统惯性的时空特性及分析方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(1):50-58,373.
	ZENG Fanhong, ZHANG Junbo. Temporal and spatial characteristics of power system inertia and its analysis method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(1):50-58,373.
[73]	刘尧, 陈建福, 侯小超, 等. 基于自适应虚拟惯性的微电网动态频率稳定控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42(9):75-82,140.
	LIU Yao, CHEN Jianfu, HOU Xiaochao, et al. Dynamic frequency stability control strategy of microgrid based on adaptive virtual inertia[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9):75-82,140.
[74]	ASHRAF M N, RA Khan, CHOI W J. A novel selective harmonic compensation method for single-phase grid- connected inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(6):4848-4858. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.2989723
[75]	NI R, YUN W L, CHENG Z, et al. Virtual impedance based selective harmonic compensation (VI-SHC) PWM for current source rectifiers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(7):3346-3356. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2280217
[76]	李占凯, 岳怀瑜, 张福民, 等. 混合微电网虚拟联合谐波抑制器控制策略[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(7):2307-2315.
	LI Zhankai, YUE Huaiyu, ZHANG Fumin, et al. Control strategy of virtual united harmonic suppressor in hybrid microgrid[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(7):2307-2315.
[77]	MUNIR M S, LI Y W, TIAN H. Residential distribution system harmonic compensation using priority driven droop controller[J]. CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 2020, 5(3):213-223. doi: 10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2020.00018
[78]	黄家豪, 王金全, 陈静静, 等. 逆变器带脉冲负载运行特性及改进措施[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(12):162-169.
	HUANG Jiahao, WANG Jinquan, CHEN Jingjing, et al. Operating characteristics and improvement measure of inverter with pulse load[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(12):162-169.

负荷类型	典型负荷	负荷特征	对系统的影响
冲击性负荷	电动机负载、储能设备负载等	1. 功率瞬间产生极大变化 2. 冲击时间为秒级 3. 冲击结束后短时间内不会再次发生冲击,留给系统的恢复时间较长	仅对系统产生一次或数次冲击
PPL	电子雷达	峰值功率高,平均功率低;功率脉宽可到毫秒量级	对系统产生持续的冲击作用,降低系统的稳定性
	电磁发射与回收装置	脉冲能量高,循环周期短,周期为秒级
	脉冲武器	脉冲能量高,循环周期短,周期为秒级

控制方式	特征	优点	缺点
LC滤波^[60⇓-62]	设置时间常数,分离高低频分量	1. 结构简单 2. 无需数字滤波	1. 设备故障问题 2. 充放电功率较高,对系统的冲击大 3. 相位延迟
小波变换^[63⇓-65]	选取小波基和优化分解层数,使分解后的高频、低频功率分量更接近储能设备的特性	1. 时域和频域相互转换 2. 局部化分析能力 3. 能分析非平稳信号	1. 依赖测量和通信设备 2. 处理大量数据时响应速度变慢
下垂控制^[66⇓-68]	调节输出电压和频率以达到系统有功和无功功率的合理分配	1. 无需互联通信 2. 可实现电源的即插即用 3. 控制结构简单	1. 易受母线电压的影响 2. 功率分配精度低 3. 无法实现系统间的协同控制