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Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 1-1.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.001 Abstract （131）   HTML （265）    PDF （170KB）（262）       Knowledge map    Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Modification of Tin-antimony Alloy Anode Materials for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries CHEN Xinyang, YAO Tianhao, WANG Hongkang Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 2-11.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.002 Abstract （521）   HTML （46）    PDF （1037KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Tin-antimony(SnSb) alloy materials have various advantages, such as, high theoretical capacity, high conductivity, and low reaction potential, which make SnSb alloy one of the most widely studied anode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries. However, the huge volume variation of SnSb alloy anode material upon cycling leads to pulverization of the electrode material, which results in unsatisfactory cycling performance. In order to solve these issues, the research progress in recent years is introduced from the aspects of structural design, carbon composition, ternary alloys, modification of electrolytes and current collector. The synthsis routes and mechanisms of existing synthesis strategies are analyzed. Finally, the development direction of SnSb alloy anode materials in future research is proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of Self-supported CC/NiS2 Nanosheet as an Interlayer and Its Performance Research of Lithium-sulfur Battery HAO Hong, XU Jun Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 12-18.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.003 Abstract （297）   HTML （10）    PDF （496KB）（296）       Knowledge map    The shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides is a key issue that limits the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. The self-supported NiS2 nanosheets modified carbon cloth(CC/NiS2) is synthesized by a hydrothermal method coupled with post-vulcanization reaction, and used as a multifunctional interlayer of lithium-sulfur battery(LSB) to inhibit the shuttle effect. NiS2 nanosheets that are vertically grown on the surface of CC have a large specific surface area and excellent catalytic activity, which can significantly enhance the chemisorption capacity of polysulfide species and promote electrochemical reaction kinetics. Compared with the LSB with a carbon cloth(CC) interlayer, the LSB with the CC/NiS2 interlayer exhibits significantly improved rate performance and outstanding cycling stability. The initial specific capacity discharged at 0.5C has an increase by 52% and reaches 1 254 mA·h·g-1. The LSB with the CC/NiS2 interlayer can still maintain a high specific capacity of 928 mA·h·g-1 after 300 cycles at 2C, and the capacity decay rate is only 0.015% per cycle. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Cathode Materials’ Deterioration Mechanism for Lithium-ion Batteries at Low Temperature QI Siqing, SU Linhua, FAN Xinyu, JIANG Nan, WANG Pengfei Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 19-29.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.004 Abstract （350）   HTML （12）    PDF （1236KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable devices, electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage due to their advantages of high specific capacity and long cycle life. However, the battery performance of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to the operating temperature. At lower operating temperatures, the energy and power density of lithium-ion batteries drop sharply, which severely limits the application of lithium-ion batteries in some cold regions. In order to explore the electrochemical performance degradation mechanism of the current commercial lithium-ion battery cathode materials under low temperatures, three commercial cathode materials, lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4), lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO2), and layered ternary oxide(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) are selected as the research objects, and the electrochemical performance of these three materials at room temperature(25 ℃) and low temperature(-20 ℃) are compared via comprehensive characterization technologies including constant current charge and discharge test, electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy(EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT) test, X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Constant current charge and discharge results show that the specific capacities of the three materials are significantly reduced at low temperatures. Among them, NCM622 delivers the optimal cycling stability, of which the capacity retention rate achieves 95.89% after 400 cycles when operating at -20 ℃. Alternating current impedance test analysis results further show that the increase of charge transfer resistance and the decrease of Li+ diffusivity at low temperature conditions are responsible for the degradation of the battery performance of lithium-ion battery cathode materials. This study provides a feasible method for improving the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Research on Overcharge Thermal Runaway of Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Battery YU Zixuan, MENG Guodong, XIE Xiaojun, ZHAO Yong, CHENG Yonghong Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 30-39.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.005 Abstract （516）   HTML （21）    PDF （721KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is the fundamental cause of safety accidents such as fire or explosion in energy storage power stations. Therefore, studying the development law and intrinsic characteristics of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is important for the safety monitoring and fault warning of electrochemical energy storage power stations. In this paper, a three-dimensional electrochemical-thermal coupled LiFePO4 battery overcharge thermal runaway simulation model is established. Firstly, the amount of lithium plating on the overcharged negative electrode is quantified by the lithium plating kinetic equation, and secondly, the SEI film growth kinetic equation is introduced to reflect the lithium plating and electrolyte. The reaction rate is used to quantify the heat generated by the reaction between the negative electrode lithium plating and the electrolyte, and other side reaction heat generation equations are introduced to jointly study the temperature change of the lithium iron phosphate battery during the early overcharge and the runaway temperature and the heat generation of each side reaction. The changes in the amount of lithium plating on the negative electrode surface in the early stage of thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries under different charging rates (1C, 2C, 3C) and different ambient temperatures (20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃), the temperature curve of thermal runaway, and the change characteristics of the heat generated by the reaction are analyzed, and the development process of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the law of the side reaction heat generation are analyzed. The results show that the reaction between the negative electrode lithium plating and the electrolyte is the initial side reaction in the thermal runaway process of overcharge, which promotes the opening of other side reactions in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery, which becomes the beginning of thermal runaway of overcharge. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the early process of overcharge thermal runaway of LiFePO4 batteries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Enlightenment of Advanced Sensing Technology in Battery State Estimation XU Maoshu, SHEN Yi, WANG Sheng, ZHANG E, LI Haomiao, ZHOU Min, WANG Wei, WANG Kangli, JIANG Kai Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 40-57.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.006 Abstract （410）   HTML （14）    PDF （674KB）（524）       Knowledge map    To guarantee the safe and high-efficiency running of Lithium-ion battery, it’s vitally important to make battery state estimation timelier and more accurate. The key parameters inside the battery perceived by using advanced sensing technology in situ provide abundant data and theoretical support for battery state estimation, which has great significance of battery state estimation. Taking the general battery state estimation methods: character-based methods, model-based methods and data-driven machine learning methods as references and comparisons, the principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of advanced sensing technology including optical fiber sensing technology, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensing technology, mechanical strain sensing technology and acoustic sensing technology are analyzed. Finally, the future smart battery and smart battery management system is built. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lithium-ion Battery State of Health Assessment Algorithm Based on DT Curve DANG Yuemao, ZHANG Xuechun, XU Chuyi, JIANG Quanyuan Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 58-65.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.007 Abstract （356）   HTML （7）    PDF （458KB）（206）       Knowledge map    The increasing maturity of lithium-ion battery technology provides important support for the development of new energy power generation and electric vehicles. Lithium-ion battery adopts organic electrolyte, which is easy to trigger exothermic side reaction of battery material after failure, leading to thermal runaway of battery. And then it is likely to evolve into serious accidents such as combustion and explosion. State of health(SOH) is an important parameter for fault diagnosis and safety warning of lithium battery energy storage system. Accurate estimation of SOH is an effective way to improve system safety. Therefore, a temperature differential curve(DT curve) based lithium-ion battery health status assessment algorithm is proposed to fully extract the temperature information that is highly correlated with the battery health status on the surface of lithium-ion battery. The maximum point of DT curve and the voltage difference between the two extreme values in the battery charging process are taken as the characteristic quantity of SOH estimation. The SOH estimation model based on back propagation(BP) neural network is built. The test results of experiments and simulations finally show that the proposed method can effectively improve the SOH estimation accuracy of lithium-ion batteries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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SOC Estimation of Lithium Battery Based on Monte Carlo and SH-AUKF Algorithm WU Chunling, CHENG Yanqing, XU Xianfeng, MENG Jinhao, XIE Meimei Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 66-75.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.008 Abstract （289）   HTML （9）    PDF （613KB）（164）       Knowledge map    Aiming at the problem of low estimation accuracy of SOC of lithium battery, a new adaptive filtering algorithm, SH-AUKF algorithm is proposed by combining Sage-Husa adaptive algorithm with AUKF method. SH-AUKF algorithm can update and modify system noise continuously. UKF, AUKF and SH-AUKF algorithms are used to estimate SOC under DST conditions. The results show that SH-AUKF algorithm has the lowest estimation error and the highest estimation accuracy. Compared with UKF, the estimation accuracy of SH-AUKF algorithm is improved by 45.4%. Compared with AUKF, the estimation accuracy of SH-AUKF algorithm is improved by 14.3%. In order to further reduce the influence of accidental and sudden noise interference on SOC estimation, Monte Carlo sampling method is added in the estimation process. The results show that the error range of SH-AUKF algorithm combined with Monte Carlo method is only ±1×10-3, which effectively improves the estimation accuracy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Self-allocation Strategy of Internal Energy Flow in Integrated Energy System Considering the Delay Characteristics of Gas and Heating Energy DUAN Ke, WANG Wei, CAO Weijie, JI Zhenya, LI Na Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 76-84.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.009 Abstract （197）   HTML （9）    PDF （483KB）（94）       Knowledge map    In view of the problems of weak power supply load inertia, large demand fluctuation and poor responsiveness of coastal industrial parks and berthing ships, a compound scheduling strategy considering gas and heating energy delay characteristics is proposed based on IES(Integrated energy system), which is divided into day-ahead and intraday phases, realizing adaptive decoupling and distribution of energy flow. When the industrial load fluctuates, the various energy flow conversion ways are considered by intraday dispatching according to the difference between the predicted load at each time and the predicted load in the day ahead, thus the judgment index of energy flow distribution is established, and the day ahead plan is revised, aiming to meet the dispatching principle that keep the cold and hot load balance as much as possible under the condition of priority to maintain the electric load balance. In the strategy, the delay characteristics of the output of the gas and heating energy conversion equipment are considered, and the energy loss is supplemented in the delay time. Finally, through the simulation result of a given example, it is verified that the coupling and complementary relationship of various energy flows can be fully utilized through the implement of proposed compound scheduling strategy. Consequently, the fluctuation of the cooling, heating and power load, scheduling error and the energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits of IES can be optimized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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“Source-load” Low-carbon Optimal Scheduling Method for Data Center Microgrids Considering Power to Gas and Carbon Capture TIAN Ming, ZHANG Haifeng, LIU Kun Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 85-94.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.010 Abstract （305）   HTML （4）    PDF （542KB）（196）       Knowledge map    In order to promote multi energy complementary and low-carbon of data centers, a “source-load” low-carbon optimal scheduling model for data center microgrids is proposesd, which considers power to gas and carbon capture based on stochastic programming. The model considers the constraints of power generation, workloads, electricity to gas system and carbon capture. Carbon capture power plant, electric gas to gas, and combined heat power unit(CCPP-P2G-CHP) are introduced into the power generation side, the captured CO2 is used as the fuel for the synthesis of methane in the electric gas to electric system. Considering the interactive and batch workloads on the load side, a data center power consumption and workload allocation model are constructed. The simulation results show that the proposed model can minimize the operation cost of the data center microgrid through the optimal scheduling of power generation and workload based on the consideration of carbon emission. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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AC-DC Independent Optical Storage Power System Based on Improved Control Strategy XIONG Liying, HE Xiaoqiong, HAN Pengcheng, GONG Zi, WANG Zhuoran Journal of Electrical Engineering    2022, 17 (3): 95-103.   DOI: 10.11985/2022.03.011 Abstract （248）   HTML （13）    PDF （458KB）（256）       Knowledge map    In remote areas where power grids are difficult to reach, electricity consumption for residents’ lives and field projects faces enormous challenges. Aiming at these above problems, an AC/DC independent optical storage power supply system composed of multiport converter, photovoltaic panel and battery pack is proposed. The multi-port converter includes a Boost converter at the input terminal, a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter at the energy storage terminal, a three-phase inverter at the AC output terminal, and an isolated DC/DC converter at the DC output terminal. The input terminal uses a control strategy based on duty cycle disturbance to achieve photovoltaic maximum power tracking(MPPT); the isolated DC/DC converter uses voltage closed-loop single-phase shift control to achieve DC output of 0-200 V; the three-phase inverter uses voltage and current double closed-loop control to achieve three-phase AC output 380 V/50 Hz. In the control strategy of the energy storage end, the current inner loop of the traditional voltage and current double closed-loop control strategy is improved to the power error inner loop to realize the direct control of the active power transfer of the system. The simulation shows that the system can achieve stable power supply under both environmental changes and load abrupt changes. At the same time, the improved control strategy can effectively reduce the voltage fluctuation amplitude and transient response time of the DC bus under the sudden change of light intensity, which is more advantageous in maintaining the power supply stability of the system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics