Control Strategy to Reshape the Stable Region for Grid-following Converter: An Overview

doi:10.11985/2023.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing renewable energy is an important way to implement the green-oriented transition of energy and achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Under such circumstance, the power system configuration will undergo a fundamental transformation, from the traditional power system dominated by synchronous generators to a new one that is dominated by wind and solar sources. As the interface between the power grid and the renewable energy, power electronic converters have high flexibility and controllability. Designing control strategies to ensure the stable operation of grid-connected converters is one of the most important issues in the development of a power system with high penetration of renewable energy. For the grid-following converter(GFC), which synchronizes with the grid via the phase-locked loop, many control strategies have been proposed for ensuring its stable operation under complex grid conditions. For a specific scenario, a mathematical model of the GFC is established. By combining suitable stability analysis methods, the instability mechanism of GFC can be clarified. Then, the stable region of the GFC can be reshaped by improved control strategies. According to the models used in the stability analysis, the proposed strategies can be divided into two categories. One is to reshape the stable region of the GFC in the sense of small-signal disturbance, the other is for reshaping the stable region under transient scenarios. An overview works is presented. Moreover, to facilitate the development of the power system with high penetration of renewable energy, some future investigations towards the stable control of GFCs are discussed.

Key words: Renewable energy integration, grid-following converter, synchronization by phase-locked loop, control strategy, power system with high penetration of renewable energy

CLC Number:

TM76

MA Wenjie, ZHANG Bo, QIU Dongyuan, CHEN Yanfeng, SUN Huadong. Control Strategy to Reshape the Stable Region for Grid-following Converter: An Overview[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 18(2): 34-51.

Figures/Tables 17

References 87

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系统参数	数值
网侧滤波电感L₂/mH	0.2
滤波电容C/μF	10
变换器侧滤波电感L₁/mH	1
滤波电容等效串联电阻r/Ω	0.3
电流PI控制器参数	K_p=4，K_i=1 400

方案	优点	缺点
无源阻尼方案	鲁棒性强，无须增设传感器，不改变控制结构	电阻元件的接入导致额外功率损耗
基于变量反馈的有源阻尼方案	鲁棒性较强，通过软件算法实现具有较高自由度	需要附加高精度传感器、需要对数字控制延时进行补偿，因而策略设计较复杂
数字滤波器方案	无需增设传感器，通过软件算法实现谐振抑制	阻尼效果较依赖系统精确参数，难以兼顾相位和幅值裕度
单电流闭环控制方案	可减少传感器数量	依赖于系统参数，因而鲁棒性较差
基于电网阻抗在线监测的方案	自适应调整锁相环控制参数，可兼顾并优化系统动态性能与稳定性	需要附加电网阻抗监测装置，可能恶化并网电能质量
基于模型降阶的方案	通过多变量反馈运算实现被控对象的等效降阶，可简化后续控制器设计	依赖于系统参数的准确匹配，因而鲁棒性较差

方案	优点	缺点
SRF-PLL控制参数优化设计方案	保留原始的SRF-PLL，系统结构简单	仅通过改变SRF-PLL中控制器参数难以兼顾稳定性改善和锁相动态性能，参数优化设计后的锁相环动态性能较差
新型锁相方案	通过将SRF-PLL与延时环节或者其他控制方案相结合能较大程度地改善并网系统稳定性，相比于单纯地优化SRF-PLL参数，该方案设计自由度更高	延时环节的引入会极大地降低锁相环带宽，动态性能差
环路间耦合效应的前馈补偿方案	通过前馈补偿削弱SRF-PLL与电流控制环间动态耦合来提升并网系统稳定性，因而可保持锁相环良好的动态性能	前馈补偿的设计依赖于系统参数，且前馈通道中所含有的相位超前环节物理上较难实现