Simulation Research on Overcharge Thermal Runaway of Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Battery

doi:10.11985/2022.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is the fundamental cause of safety accidents such as fire or explosion in energy storage power stations. Therefore, studying the development law and intrinsic characteristics of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is important for the safety monitoring and fault warning of electrochemical energy storage power stations. In this paper, a three-dimensional electrochemical-thermal coupled LiFePO₄ battery overcharge thermal runaway simulation model is established. Firstly, the amount of lithium plating on the overcharged negative electrode is quantified by the lithium plating kinetic equation, and secondly, the SEI film growth kinetic equation is introduced to reflect the lithium plating and electrolyte. The reaction rate is used to quantify the heat generated by the reaction between the negative electrode lithium plating and the electrolyte, and other side reaction heat generation equations are introduced to jointly study the temperature change of the lithium iron phosphate battery during the early overcharge and the runaway temperature and the heat generation of each side reaction. The changes in the amount of lithium plating on the negative electrode surface in the early stage of thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries under different charging rates (1C, 2C, 3C) and different ambient temperatures (20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃), the temperature curve of thermal runaway, and the change characteristics of the heat generated by the reaction are analyzed, and the development process of the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the law of the side reaction heat generation are analyzed. The results show that the reaction between the negative electrode lithium plating and the electrolyte is the initial side reaction in the thermal runaway process of overcharge, which promotes the opening of other side reactions in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery, which becomes the beginning of thermal runaway of overcharge. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the early process of overcharge thermal runaway of LiFePO₄ batteries.

Key words: Lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium plating, overcharge, thermal runaway

CLC Number:

TG156

YU Zixuan, MENG Guodong, XIE Xiaojun, ZHAO Yong, CHENG Yonghong. Simulation Research on Overcharge Thermal Runaway of Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Battery[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(3): 30-39.

Figures/Tables 13

References 19

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参数	描述	正集电极	正极	隔膜	负极	负集电极
L	*厚度/µm	5	65	20	35	10
ε_S	*固相体积分数	—	0.435	—	0.679	—
ε_l	*电解液相体积分数	—	0.565	—	0.321	—
R_S	电极粒子半径/µm	—	2	—	5	—
c_s_,max	最大活性物质浓度/(mol/m³)	—	21 190	—	31 507	—
c_l	初始电解液活性物质浓度/(mol/m³)	—	1 200	1 200	1 200	—
k	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	160	1.48	1	1.04	400
ρ	密度/(kg/m³)	2 700	1 500	492	2 660	8 700
C_p	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	903	1 260	700	1 437.4	385

参数	数值
镀锂摩尔质量M_Li/(g/mol)	6.941
镀锂密度ρ_Li/(kg/m³)	534
镀锂反应速率常数k_pl/(m/s)	2.5×10^-7
镀锂薄膜电导率δ_Li/(S/m)	6×10^-5
SEI物质摩尔质量M_SEI/(g/mol)	160
SEI物质密度ρ_SEI/(kg/m³)	1 600
寄生反应的无量纲交换电流密度J	8.4×10^-4
基于SEI膜属性的无量纲参数f	1.1×10³

变量x	指前因子A_x/s^-1	反应活化能 E_a_,_x/(×10⁵ J/mol)	归一化浓度C_x_,0	反应级数m_x	单位质量反应物产生热量H_x/(J/g)	反应活性物质含量W_x/(g/m³)
SEI	1.667×10¹⁵	1.350 8	0.15	1	257	6.104×10⁵
ne	2.5×10¹³	1.350 8	0.75	1	1 714	6.104×10⁵
pe1	1.75×10⁹	1.149 5	0.04	1	77	1.221×10⁶
pe2	1.077×10¹²	1.588 8	0.04	1	84	1.221×10⁶
e	5.14×10²⁵	2.74	1	1	155	4.069×10⁵