Active Balancing Circuit and Strategy of Li-ion Battery Based on Voltage Balance

doi:10.11985/2021.03.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion battery packs are generally composed of multiple single cells connected in series and parallel to meet the needs of different voltage levels and capacity applications. Due to the inconsistency of the single battery itself or the difference in the external environment, the single battery will be overcharged or overdischarged during the use of the battery pack, which limits the overall performance of the battery pack to a certain extent. Aiming at the problem that the traditional balancing strategy needs to accurately measure the voltage of the lithium battery, a lithium battery pack balancing circuit and strategy based on voltage balance is proposed. The balancing strategy uses a voltage difference amplifier circuit to amplify the voltage difference between adjacent single cells or adjacent battery packs, and uses the voltage difference signal and the reference voltage to determine the cell balance direction to achieve the cell balance of the series battery pack. The solution does not need to accurately measure the voltage of the lithium battery, the system structure is simple, and the modular design is easy, avoiding the use of high-precision voltage sampling chips, and reducing the equalization cost. The topological structure, working principle and control strategy of voltage difference amplifier circuit and equalizing circuit are described in detail, a Matlab/Simulink simulation model is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed equilibrium strategy.

Key words: Amplification circuit, voltage balance, equalization circuit, equalization strategy

CLC Number:

TM912

DU Haizhong, LUO Tao, SONG Haoyi, ZENG Jun, ZHANG Zhiguo. Active Balancing Circuit and Strategy of Li-ion Battery Based on Voltage Balance[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(3): 145-151.

Figures/Tables 15

References 21

[1]	徐顺刚, 王金平, 许建平. 一种延长电动汽车蓄电池寿命的均衡充电控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(3):43-48.
	XU Shungang, WANG Jinping, XU Jianping. An equalizing charge control strategy to extend battery cycle life for electric vehicles[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(3):43-48.
[2]	张鑫, 李琰, 王文斌, 等. 电动汽车充电预约配对算法研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2020, 15(2):18-23.
	ZHANG Xin, LI Yan, WANG Wenbin, et al. Research on the algorithm of electric vehicle charging appointment matching[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2020, 15(2):18-23.
[3]	KIM M Y, KIM C H, KIM J H, et al. A chain structure of switched capacitor for improved cell balancing speed of lithium-ion batteries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(8):3989-3999. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2288195
[4]	CHEN Y, LIU X, CUI Y, et al. A multi-winding transformer cell-to-cell active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries with reduced number of driving circuits[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(7):4916-4929.
[5]	GALLARDO-LOZANO J, ROMERO-CADAVAL E, MILANES-MONTERO M I, et al. Battery equalization active methods[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 246:934-949. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.026
[6]	杨坚, 张巧杰. 串联电池组改进电感型均压电路研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2018, 13(4):18-25.
	YANG Jian, ZHANG Qiaojie. Research on improved inductance-type voltage equalization circuit of series battery pack[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 13(4):18-25.
[7]	刘倩怡, 徐顺刚, 许建平, 等. 一种基于推挽变换器的模块化电池均衡电路[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(14):3213-3221.
	LIU Qianyi, XU Shungang, XU Jianping, et al. A modularized equalizer for series-connected batteries based on push-pull converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(14):3213-3221.
[8]	PINTO C V, BARRERAS J, SCHALTZ E, et al. Evaluation of advanced control for Li-ion battery balancing systems using convex optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2016, 7(4):1703-1717. doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2016.2600501
[9]	YUANMAO Y, CHENG K W E, YEUNG Y P B. Zero-current switching switched-capacitor zero-voltage- gap automatic equalization system for series battery string[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(7):3234-3242. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2181868
[10]	BARONTI F, FANTECHI G, RONCELLA R, et al. High-efficiency digitally controlled charge equalizer for series-connected cells based on switching converter and super capacitor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2013, 9(2):1139-1147. doi: 10.1109/TII.2012.2223479
[11]	DONG B, LI Y, HAN Y. Parallel architecture for battery charge equalization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(9):4906-4913. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2364838
[12]	PHUNG T H, COLLET A, CREBIER J C. An Optimized topology for next-to-next balancing of series-connected lithium-ion cells[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(9):4603-4613. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2284797
[13]	EWANCHUK J, SALMON J. A modular balancing bridge for series connected voltage sources[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(9):4712-4722. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2286524
[14]	LEE Y S, CHENG G T. Quasi-resonant zero-current- switching bidirectional converter for battery equalization applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006, 21(5):1213-1224. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2006.880349
[15]	SHANG Y, ZHANG C, CUI N, et al. A cell-to-cell battery equalizer with zero-current switching and zero-voltage gap based on quasi-resonant LC converter and Boost converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(7):3731-3747. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2345672
[16]	EINHORN M, ROESSLER W, FLEIG J. Improved performance of serially connected Li-ion batteries with active cell balancing in electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011, 60(6):2448-2457. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2011.2153886
[17]	PARK S H, MOON G W, KIM H S, et al. Single-magnetic cell-to-cell charge equalization converter with reduced number of transformer windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(6):2900-2911. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2178040
[18]	ZHANG J, XU L, WU X, et al. A precise passive current balancing method for multioutput LED drivers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26(8):2149-2159. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2104332
[19]	UNO M, KUKITA A. Single-switch single-transformer cell voltage equalizer based on forward-flyback resonant inverter and voltage multiplier for series-connected energy storage cells[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014, 63(9):4232-4247. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2014.2312381
[20]	MIN G H, HA J I. Inner supply data transmission in quasi-resonant flyback converters for Li-ion battery applications using multiplexing mode[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 34(1):64-73. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2827390
[21]	QI J, LU D C. A preventive approach for solving battery imbalance issue by using a bidirectional multiple-input Ćuk converter working in DCVM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(10):7780-7789. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2696497

参数名称	参数设计
额定容量/(A·h)	3.4
标称电压/V	3.6
最大电压/V	4.25
截止电压/V	2.75
最大充电电流/C	1
标称放电电流/C	2
电池内阻/mΩ	15
响应时间/ms	10