An Analysis of Requirements and Applications of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technology in Power System

doi:10.11985/2017.08.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Development of grid-scale energy storage is an important access to meet the growing demand for electricity arising, electric energy time shift, and the grid integration of high penetrations of renewable energy. Energy storage applications in grid will significantly improve the security of grid operation, reliability, economy and flexibility. In this paper several energy storage technology types suitable for grid-scale development are described, and a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these energy storage technologies are made, the factors that influence the grid-scale energy storage applications are pointed out. Five grid-scale energy storage applications that have the greatest overall potential to benefit power system planning and operations are analyzed include of frequency regulation, renewables grid integration, transmission and distribution upgrade deferral and substitution, load following, and electric energy time shift. Through analyzing these applications, some storage technologies certain economic, technical performance, and design targets in order to optimize grid functionality are given out. Finally, some problems and challenges are presented in the development of grid-scale energy storage applications need to be addressed, and a guidance to the energy storage technology research and industrial development is provided.

Key words: Grid-scale energy storage technology, renewables grid integration, transmission and distribution upgrade deferral, load following, load shifting

CLC Number:

TM727

Wu Shengjun,Xu Qingshan,Yuan Xiaodong,Chen Bing,Li Qiang. An Analysis of Requirements and Applications of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technology in Power System[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2017, 12(8): 10-15.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab.1

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Tab.5

Tab.6

References 19

[1]	国家电网公司“电网新技术前景研究”项目咨询组. 大规模储能技术在电力系统中的应用前景分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2013,37(1):3-8.
	Consulting Group of State Grid Corporation of China to Prospects of New Technologies in Power Systems. An analysis of prospects for application of large-scale energy storage technology in power systems[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013,37(1):3-8.
[2]	胡娟, 杨水丽, 侯朝勇 , 等. 规模化储能技术典型示范应用的现状分析与启示[J]. 电网技术, 2015,39(4):879-885. doi: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2015.04.001
	Hu Juan, Yang Shuili, Hou Chaoyong , et al. Present condition analysis on typical demonstration application of large-scale energy storage technology and its enlightenment[J]. Power System Technology, 2015,39(4):879-885. doi: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2015.04.001
[3]	高小涛 . 江苏电力节能减排的技术途径[J]. 江苏电机工程, 2015,34(1):65-68.
	Gao Xiaotao . Technical approaches for energy-saving and emission reduction of Jiangsu power[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering, 2015,34(1):65-68.
[4]	Castillo A, Gayme D F . Grid-scale energy storage applications in renewable energy integration: a survey[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2014,87:885-894.
[5]	许守平, 李相俊, 惠东 . 大规模储能系统发展现状及示范应用综述[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2013,29(8):94-100,108.
	Xu Shouping, Li Xiangjun, Hui Dong . A survey of the development and demonstration application of large-scale energy storage[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2013,29(8):94-100, 108.
[6]	Akinyele D O, Rayudu R K . Review of energy storage technologies for sustainable power networks[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2014,8:74-91.
[7]	Hameer S, Van Niekerk J L, . A review of large-scale electrical energy storage[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2015,39(9):1179-1195.
[8]	US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability. Electric power industry needs for grid-scale storage applications[EB/OL]. 2010- 12- 10[2014]. .
[9]	王承民, 孙伟卿, 衣涛 , 等. 智能电网中储能技术应用规划及其效益评估方法综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013,33(7):33-41,21.
	Wang Chengmin, Sun Weiqing, Yi Tao , et al. Review on energy storage application planning and benefit evaluation methods in smart grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013,33(7):33-41, 21.
[10]	Pfenninger S, Keirstead J . Renewables, nuclear, or fossil fuels? scenarios for Great Britain’s power system considering costs, emissions and energy security[J]. Applied Energy, 2015,152:83-93.
[11]	陈大宇, 张粒子, 王澍 , 等. 储能在美国调频市场中的发展及启示[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2013,37(1):9-13.
	Chen Dayu, Zhang Lizi, Wang Shu , et al. Development of energy storage in frequency regulation market of United States and its enlightenment[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013,37(1):9-13.
[12]	王再闯, 袁铁江, 李永东 , 等. 基于储能电站提高风电消纳能力的电源规划研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2014,32(7):954-960.
	Wang Zaichuang, Yuan Tiejiang, Li Yongdong , et al. Power planning based on energy storage station to improve accommodation of wind power[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2014,32(7):954-960.
[13]	崔杨, 朱加明, 葛延峰 , 等. 计及限风特性与经济性的大规模集中充放电储能系统容量配置研究[J]. 电网技术, 2016,40(2):484-490. doi: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2016.02.022
	Cui Yang, Zhu Jiaming, Ge Yanfeng , et al. Study on capacity configuration of large-scale energy storage system under concentrated charge and discharge based on wind curtailment characteristics and economics[J]. Power System Technology, 2016,40(2):484-490. doi: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2016.02.022
[14]	薛钟兵, 彭程 . 新能源发电与电动汽车充换储站协调运行研究[J]. 江苏电机工程, 2014,33(5):36-38.
	Xue Zhongbing, Peng Cheng . Research on the coordinated operation of new energy power generation and EV charging storage station[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering, 2014,33(5):36-38.
[15]	蒋平, 熊华川 . 混合储能系统平抑风力发电输出功率波动控制方法设计[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2013,37(1):122-127.
	Jiang Ping, Xiong Huachuan . A control scheme design for smoothing wind power fluctuation with hybrid energy storage system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013,37(1):122-127.
[16]	Solomon A A, Kammen D M, Callaway D . The role of large-scale energy storage design and dispatch in the power grid: a study of very high grid penetration of variable renewable resources[J]. Applied Energy, 2014,134:75-89.
[17]	US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability. Energy storage safety strategic plan[EB/OL]. 2014-12[2014]. .
[18]	Reihani E, Motalleb M, Ghorbani R , et al. Load peak shaving and power smoothing of a distribution grid with high renewable energy penetration[J]. Renewable Energy, 2016,86:1372-1379.
[19]	李建林, 田立亭, 来小康 . 能源互联网背景下的电力储能技术展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2015,39(23):15-25.
	Li Jianlin, Tian Liting, Lai Xiaokang . Outlook of electrical energy storage technologies under energy internet background[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015,39(23):15-25.

储能技术	优点	缺点	功率型	能量型
飞轮储能	高功率	低能量密度	★★★	☆☆☆
超级电容储能	长寿命、高功率	低能量密度	★★★	☆☆☆
铅酸电池	低成本	寿命短	★★☆	★★☆
钠硫电池	高功率、高能量密度	高成本、高温运行	★★☆	★★☆
锂电池	高功率、高能量密度	高成本、电池管理	★★☆	★★☆
压缩空气储能	高能量、低成本	选址要求	★☆☆	★★★
抽水蓄能	高能量、低成本	选址要求	★☆☆	★★★

名称	指标要求	指标解析
响应时间	<1s	储能技术上完全能快速响应电网输出指令
循环效率	75%~90%	效率指输入能量除以输出能量
系统寿命	10年	每年4 500~7 000次循环
放电时间	15min~2h	容量有限,需要充放平衡

名称	指标要求	指标解析
循环效率	75%~90%	效率指输入能量除以输出能量
系统寿命	10年	寿命跟储能类型和循环次数有关,较理想寿命周期为10年
容量	1~20MW	储能容量配置与新能源类型和规模有关
响应时间	1~2s	储能快速响应能更好平滑新能源出力波动

名称	指标要求	指标解析
放电时长	2~4h	存储几个小时电能用于平抑电力需求
容量	1~100MW	替代输电系统需要配置的储能容量大于100MW
可靠性	99.9%	储能系统要求与输配电系统一样可靠
寿命	10年	系统寿命达到10年,同时容易升级改造

名称	指标要求	指标解析
运维费用	3 250元/MW·h	储能高性能响应对应高成本费用
放电时长	2~6h	2h额定放电容量,4~6h负荷跟踪运行能力