Status and Prospect of Safety Studies of Cascade Power Battery Energy Storage System

doi:10.11985/2022.01.027

Abstract

Abstract:

The electrical and thermal safety of the energy storage system for the reuse of power batteries has become a key factor in the large-scale construction and promotion of the system. It is urgent to build the reuse of power batteries step-by-step energy storage system, study series of safety management methods, and formulate series of safety standards. Specially, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive thermal safety management scheme from step battery monomer to module to energy storage system. Time requires the establishment of a security operation strategy from battery screening to energy storage system building to system operation. On the process, it is necessary to establish the process of electric and thermal safety management and control from safety risk identification and assessment to safety warning analysis to safety plan decision execution. The mechanism of electrothermal safety risk induction and the latest progress of safety technology research for re-used battery storage system are summarized, and the policy standards, demonstration projects and accidents of energy storage system for the reuse of power batteries are combed. The advances and limitations of related safety protection technologies are analyzed from the two aspects of electricity and heat. Suggestions on application policy, safety risk mechanism and safety management technology of power battery step-by-step the energy storage system for the reuse of power batteries in the future are put forward.

Key words: Power battery, reuse, stored energy, safety engineering, electrical and thermal management

CLC Number:

TQ28

XIAO Xi, TIAN Peigen, YU Lu, WU Yan, CI Song, ZHU Maoyu. Status and Prospect of Safety Studies of Cascade Power Battery Energy Storage System[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(1): 206-224.

Figures/Tables 15

References 101

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编号	发布时间	发布部门	政策	简要内容
1	2016	国家发展和改革委员会	《电动汽车动力蓄电池回收利用技术政策》	明确建立电动汽车动力电池编码制度,明确企业为电动汽车动力电池回收责任主体
2	2018	工业和信息化部	《新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点实施方案》	到2020年,建立完善动力蓄电池回收利用体系并探索形成动力蓄电池回收利用创新商业合作模式
3	2018	工业和信息化部	《新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用溯源管理暂行规定》	对动力蓄电池生产、销售、使用、报废、回收、利用等全过程进行信息采集并对各环节主体履行回收利用责任情况实施监测
4	2018	工业和信息化部	《关于做好新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点工作的通知》	结合实际情况对试点地区提出具体的蓄电池回收实施方案,推动汽车生产等相关企业落实蓄电池回收利用责任,构建回收利用体系和全生命周期监管机制
5	2020	工业和信息化部	《新能源汽车废旧动力蓄电池综合利用行业规范条件》	对关于梯次利用的设备和技术进行创新
6	2020	工业和信息化部节能与综合利用司	《新能源汽车动力蓄电池梯次利用管理办法》	规定了新能源汽车动力蓄电池梯次利用的企业要求、梯次产品要求和回收利用要求并详细制定了监督管理条例
7	2021	国家能源局	《新型储能项目管理规范(暂行)》	确定新建动力电池梯次利用储能项目,必须遵循全生命周期理念,建立电池一致性管理和溯源系统,梯次利用电池均要取得相应资质机构出具的安全评估报告

标准类别	序号	发布时间	标准号	标准名称
通用标准	1	2017	GB/T 33598—2017	车用动力电池回收利用拆解规范
	2	2017	GB/T 34013—2017	电动汽车用动力蓄电池产品规格尺寸
	3	2017	GB/T 34014—2017	汽车动力蓄电池编码规则
	4	2017	GB/T 34015—2017	车用动力电池回收利用余能检测
利用标准	5	2013	DB44/T 1203—2013	电动汽车用锂离子动力电池回收利用规范
	6	2017	DB31/T 1053—2017	电动汽车动力蓄电池回收利用规范
	7	2018	DB34/T 3077—2018	车用锂离子动力电池回收利用放电技术规范
	8	2020	GB/T 34015.2—2020	车用动力电池回收利用梯次利用第2部分：拆卸要求
管理规范标准	9	2020	GB/T 38698.1—2020	车用动力电池回收利用管理规范第1部分：包装运输
国外标准	10	2018	UL 1974:2018	再利用电池的评估

序号	完成时间	参与国家	参与公司	具体工程
4	2010	日本	日产汽车、住友商事株式会社、4R Energy公司	4R Energy公司由日产汽车和住友商事株式会社合资成立,主要解决汽车动力电池的二次利用问题,在美国和日本租售日产Leaf汽车的退役动力电池用作家庭储能设备
2	2010	美国/日本	EnerDel公司、伊藤忠商社	合作将退役的汽车动力电池用于部分新建公寓的储能设备中
3	2010	美国/日本	Duke Energy、伊藤忠商社	合作对将退役的汽车动力电池进行再利用研究,并用于辅助家庭供电
1	2011	美国/瑞典	通用公司、ABB集团	合作对雪佛兰汽车的退役动力电池进行梯次利用,主要用作商用备用电源或储存太阳能发电系统、风力发电系统所等所产生的电力
5	2015	日本	Sharp公司	自主研发了智能功率调节器,将退役的动力电池用作家庭储能
6	2015	日本	Toyota公司	利用凯美瑞汽车的退役动力电池,设计了整套管理系统,完成黄石国家公园设施的储能和供电,延长2倍退役电池的使用年限
7	2015	德国	BOSCH集团	全部采用宝马ActiveE和i3电动汽车的退役动力电池建设了光伏电站储能系统

序号	完成时间	参与公司	位置	具体工程
1	2013	国网河南省电力公司、南瑞集团	河南郑州	尖山退役电池的储能示范工程
2	2016	国网冀北电力有限公司、许继集团	河北张北	9 MW·h风光储输基地梯次利用储能工程
3	2016	比亚迪、普兰德	深圳龙岗	比亚迪工业园10 MW/20 MW·h梯次利用储能工程
4	2017	比亚迪、煦达新能源科技有限公司	江苏溧阳	180 kW/1.1 MW·h梯次利用储能工程
5	2017	远东福斯特新能源有限公司	江西宜春	16 MW·h梯次利用储能工程
6	2017	上海电巴新能源科技有限公司、杭州协能科技股份有限公司	浙江杭州	2 MW·h梯次利用储能工程
7	2017	国网青海省电力公司、中国电力科学研究院	青海西宁	风光水储微电网基地250 kW/500 kW·h梯次利用储能工程
8	2017	太湖能谷	浙江长兴	250 kW/2.5 MW·h梯次利用储能工程
9	2019	国网江苏综合能源服务公司	江苏南京	南京江北采用退役动力电池建设储能电站
10	2019	江苏慧智能源工程技术创新研究院有限公司	江苏南通	360 kW/2 MW·h退役梯次利用储能工程
11	2020	国网浙江省电力有限公司	浙江慈溪	浙江首套基于电动汽车退役动力电池梯次利用的微型电网侧储能系统项目

序号	位置	容量/(MW·h)	电池类型	时间
1	韩国庆南	3.289	锂电池	2019.01
2	韩国全南	5.220	锂电池	2019.01
3	韩国全北	2.496	锂电池	2019.01
4	韩国蔚山	46.757	锂电池	2019.01
5	韩国庆北	3.660	锂电池	2019.05
6	韩国全北	1.025	锂电池	2019.05