Research on Garnet Type DC Optical Current Transducer and Its Operating Stability

doi:10.11985/2021.02.019

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of the construction of smart grids in China, the voltage levels in the power system continue to increase. Aiming at the detection of DC current in power system, the structure of DC optical current transformer is designed based on the correction of NdFeB permanent magnetic film. Firstly, the optical path structure of the straight-through sensor head of the DC optical current sensor and the optical path structures of the transmissive and reflective systems are designed, and the effects of different polarization components of the incident polarized light are analyzed. Secondly, for the problem of zero dispersion in garnet magneto-optical materials, a layer of NdFeB permanent magnetic film is grown on the surface of the garnet material by magnetron sputtering to reduce the measurement error brought by the zero dispersion. At the same time, the hysteresis loop of the NdFeB permanent magnetic film on the surface of the garnet material is measured. Experiments show that the NdFeB permanent magnetic film has good magnetic properties. Finally, a photoelectric test system for DC optical current sensors is designed and built in the laboratory. The garnet materials with permanent magnetic film thicknesses of 1 μm, 2 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 100 nm, and 500 nm are put into the test system as sensitive components. The current generator changes the size of the DC current in the wire and collects relevant data for processing and analysis. The results show that the sensitivity and measurement range of the transformer can be achieved by adjusting the distance of the sensitive element from the center of the wire, and the output linearity measured by the transformer is high, the azimuth change and the current response curve are linear. The multiple measurement error is less than 0.4%, and the repeatability of the fitted curve of multiple measurements is good, indicating that shortening the thickness of the magneto-optical material can effectively improve the stability of the transformer operation.

Key words: NdFeB magnetic thin film, optical direct current transduce, azimuth angle, garnet

CLC Number:

TM561

KEPAIYITULLA· Tursun, LI Ming, WANG Qi, LIAO Kai. Research on Garnet Type DC Optical Current Transducer and Its Operating Stability[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(2): 149-158.

Figures/Tables 16

References 17

[1]	克帕依吐·吐尔逊, 阿地利·巴拉提, 焦春雷, 等. 新疆电网发电机组进相运行的现状研究与分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019, 14(2):97-102.
	KEPAIYITULLA Tursun, ADIL Barat, JIAO Chunlei, et al. Status research and analysis of leading phase operation of Xinjiang Power Grid generator sets[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019, 14(2):97-102.
[2]	李道豫, 王圣平, 冯文昕, 等. 高压直流输电均压电极结垢的解析与改进[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019, 14(1):26-29.
	LI Daoyu, WANG Shengping, FENG Wenxin, et al. Analysis and improvement for scaling of grading electrodes in HVDC[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019, 14(1):26-29.
[3]	鲁军, 苏超锋. 磁控形状记忆合金传感器优化设计[J]. 电气工程学报, 2018, 13(12):1-6.
	LU Jun, SU Chaofeng. Optimized design of magnetically controlled shape memory alloy sensor[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 13(12):1-6.
[4]	詹奕, 尹项根. 高压直流输电与特高压交流输电的比较研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2001, 27:44-46.
	ZHAN Yi, YIN Xianggen. Comparative research on high voltage direct current transmission and UHV AC transmission[J]. High Voltage Technology, 2001, 27:44-46.
[5]	刘振亚. 特高压交直流电网[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2013.
	LIU Zhenya. UHV AC/DC power grid[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2013.
[6]	张文亮, 刘壮志, 王明俊, 等. 智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 电网技术, 2009, 33:1-11.
	ZHANG Wenliang, LIU Zhuangzhi, WANG Mingjun, et al. Research progress and development trend of smart grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2009, 33:1-11.
[7]	刘振亚. 智能电网知识读本[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2010.
	LIU Zhenya. Smart grid knowledge reader[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2010.
[8]	肖雪葵. 智能电网概述[J]. 企业技术开发, 2012, 6:8-11.
	XIAO Xuekui. Overview of smart grid[J]. Enterprise Technology Development, 2012, 6:8-11.
[9]	章春香, 殷海荣, 刘立营. 磁光材料的典型效应及其应用[J]. 磁性材料及器件, 2008, 39(3):8-11.
	ZHANG Chunxiang, YIN Hairong, LIU Liying. Typical effects and applications of magneto-optical materials[J]. Magnetic Materials and Devices, 2008, 39(3):8-11.
[10]	黄敏, 张守业, 赵渭忠, 等. 稀土铁石榴石磁光材料及其应用[J]. 材料科学与工程, 1996, 14(4):17-21.
	HUANG Min, ZHANG Shouye, ZHAO Weizhong, et al. Rare earth iron garnet magneto-optical materials and their applications[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 1996, 14(4):17-21.
[11]	KAMADA O. Magneto-optical properties of (BiGdY) iron garnets for optical magnetic field sensors[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1996(79):5976-5798.
[12]	ITOH N, MINEMOTO H, ISHIKO D, et al. Optical magnetic field sensor with high linearity using Bi-substituted rare earth iron garnets[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1995, 31(6):3191-3193. doi: 10.1109/20.490324
[13]	周小燕, 李强, 宋锋兵, 等. 掺铈钇铁石榴石(Ce:YIG)的合成[J]. 材料工程, 2002, 11:11-13.
	ZHOU Xiaoyan, LI Qiang, SONG Fengbing, et al. Synjournal of cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet(Ce:YIG)[J]. Materials Engineering, 2002, 11:11-13.
[14]	DEMPSEY N M, WALTHER A, MAY F, et al. High performance hard magnetic NdFeB thick films for integration into micro-electro-mechanical-systems[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 90:092509. doi: 10.1063/1.2710771
[15]	JIANG H, O’SHEA M. Coercivity and its temperature dependence in NdFeB thin films with Cr,Mo,Ti,or Ta buffer layers[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2000, 87:6131-6133. doi: 10.1063/1.372632
[16]	NGUYEN Truong Giang, JIAO Xinbing, LEI Wenfeng, et al. Optical magnetic field sensor improved by NdFeB ferromagnetic film[C]// Proc. SPIE 8916,Sixth International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements,Guiyang,China:Proceedings of SPIE, 2013: 8916.
[17]	JIAO Xinbing, MA Yue, MA Lixin, et al. Polarization properties of garnet and groove films on garnet in the trasmission and reflection modes[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(2):1673-1679. doi: 10.1364/OE.22.001673 pmid: 24515174

材料名称	波长/μm	费尔德常数/(×10^-4GY/A)
(TmBi)₃(FeGa)₅O₁₂	0.55	1.92×10²
Y₃Fe₅O₁₂	0.56	2.96
钡冕玻璃	0.589 3	0.805
重火石玻璃	0.589 3	3.03×10^-3
石英玻璃	0.589 3	0.603
Pr³⁺硅酸盐玻璃	0.7	2.635
TGG	1.06	0.12
Pr⁺³硼酸盐玻璃	0.7	0.743

时间/s	斯托克斯矢量	离焦量/dB	方位角/ (°)	椭圆度/ (°)	偏振度 (%)
0	-0.807 6	-2.781 5	81.251 2	16.066 6	91.932 8
0.030	-0.807 5	-2.782 7	81.242 7	16.071 0	91.910 9
0.060	-0.807 8	-2.784 6	81.262 7	16.065 5	91.901 2
0.090	-0.807 7	-2.785 1	81.267 9	16.071 0	91.913 9
0.120	-0.807 8	-2.783 2	81.282 8	16.072 4	91.923 3
0.150	-0.807 5	-2.780 0	81.242 5	16.071 7	91.941 2
0.180	-0.807 5	-2.783 6	81.243 0	16.069 5	91.917 6
0.210	-0.807 7	-2.782 4	81.258 4	16.066 6	91.922 7
0.240	-0.807 7	-2.784 1	81.261 2	16.068 0	91.920 9
0.270	-0.807 7	-2.780 1	81.274 4	16.072 7	91.946 6
0.300	-0.807 4	-2.780 9	81.242 9	16.074 8	91.940 5
0.330	-0.807 6	-2.784 5	81.255 8	16.072 1	91.922 5
0.360	-0.807 6	-2.782 0	81.247 4	16.067 0	91.926 5
0.390	-0.807 8	-2.782 1	81.263 0	16.064 8	91.937 8
0.420	-0.807 4	-2.779 3	81.257 4	16.080 7	91.943 0
0.450	-0.807 5	-2.780 6	81.248 7	16.074 4	91.935 2
0.480	-0.807 5	-2.781 3	81.245 5	16.070 7	91.929 8
0.510	-0.807 6	-2.780 9	81.252 0	16.067 8	91.928 7
0.540	-0.807 7	-2.781 8	81.259 0	16.065 0	91.931 6
0.570	-0.807 6	-2.783 1	81.259 5	16.073 8	91.936 3
0.600	-0.807 6	-2.781 2	81.272 4	16.076 9	91.940 7

电流I/A	不同永磁薄膜厚度
电流I/A	0	1 μm	2 μm	4 μm	5 μm	100 nm	500 nm
0	88.400	81.235	80.600	79.591	78.000	80.728	88.400
100	88.019	80.763	80.406	79.291	77.679	80.700	88.019
500	86.887	79.656	79.351	78.126	76.462	79.569	86.887
1 000	85.206	78.184	78.110	76.489	74.966	78.088	85.206
1 500	83.846	76.951	76.560	75.334	73.462	76.780	83.846
2 000	82.552	75.083	74.497	73.496	71.702	74.261	82.554
2 500	81.04	73.276	72.739	72.234	69.959	72.969	81.040
3 000	80.295	71.689	70.348	70.740	68.314	70.916	80.296