Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Anodic Etching Process of Vacuum Arc under the Condition of Electrode Rotation

doi:10.11985/2021.02.014

Abstract

Abstract:

A three-dimensional geometric model of anode contact of vacuum circuit breaker is established and analyzed in this paper. To analyze the influence of electrode rotation on vacuum arc and anode thermal process, a physical model of phase transformation process is established for the melting and evaporation of anode surface. The solid-liquid mixing area is treated by the description method of porous media, and the numerical simulation of anode thermal process is carried out, concluding that with the increase of time, the anode surface temperature is increasing, molten pool is developing, molten pool depth is deepening, in addition, with the increase of electrode speed, the highest temperature on the surface of the contact and the size of the molten pool are reducing, and the temperature distribution is more uniform. This simulation model can be an academic foundation to research the breaking capacity of circuit breaker.

Key words: Vacuum arc, anodic ablation, surface temperature, simulation research

CLC Number:

TM561

MA Tao, HOU Lei, XU Yangyong, QI Tianxing, YANG Tiankuo, QI Qingfeng, LIU Xueshi, LOU Bowei. Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Anodic Etching Process of Vacuum Arc under the Condition of Electrode Rotation[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(2): 108-114.

Figures/Tables 8

References 22

[1]	BOXMAN R L, SANDERS D M, MARTIN P J, et al. Handbook of vacuum arc science and technology fundamentals and applications[M]. New Jersey:Noyes Publications, 1996.
[2]	MILLER H C. Discharge modes at the anode of a vacuum arc[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1983, 11(3):122-127. doi: 10.1109/TPS.1983.4316238
[3]	MATSUI Y, SANO A, KOMATSU H, et al. Vacuum arc phenomena under various axial magnetic field and anode melting[C]// 24th International Symposium on Discharge and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum. Braunschweig,Germany:IEEE, 2010:324-327.
[4]	BEILIS I I, BOXMAN R L, GOLDSMITH S. A hot refractory anode vacuum arc:Nonstationary plasma model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2001, 29(5):690-694. doi: 10.1109/27.964455
[5]	BEILIS I I, BOXMAN R L, GOLDSMITH S. Interelectrode plasma evolution in a hot refractory anode vacuum arc:Theory and comparison with experiment[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2002, 9(7):3159-3170. doi: 10.1063/1.1483844
[6]	NIWA Y, SATO J, YOKOKURA K. The effect of contact material on temperature and melting of anode surface in the vacuum interrupter[C]// International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum. Xi’an,China:IEEE, 2000:524-527.
[7]	SCHADE E, SHMELEV D, KLEBERG I. Numerical modeling of the heat flux to the anode of high-current vacuum arcs[C]// 21st International Conference on Electrical Contacts(ICEC2002). Zurich,Switzerland:IEEE, 2002:518-525.
[8]	SHASHURIN A, BEILIS I I, BOXMAN R L. Heat flux to an asymmetric anode in a hot refractory anode vacuum arc[J]. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2010, 19(015002):1-8.
[9]	SHI Z, JIA S, DONG H, et al. Simulation of the thermal process of anode in drawn vacuum arc[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2007, 35(4):920-924. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2007.896911
[10]	黄小龙, 王立军, 贾申利, 等. 纵向磁场和外部横向磁场共同作用下真空电弧偏移与阳极偏烧现象的仿真研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(6):941-946.
	HUANG Xiaolong, WANG Lijun, JIA Shenli, et al. Simulation research of deflection phenomenon of vacuum arc and anode erosion under the combined action of axial magnetic field and external transverse magnetic field[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(6):941-946.
[11]	王立军, 贾申利, 史宗谦, 等. 真空电弧磁流体动力学模型与仿真研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(4):113-118.
	WANG Lijun, JIA Shenli, SHI Zongqian, et al. MHD model and simulation research of vacuum arc[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(4):113-118.
[12]	BRANDES E A, BROOK G B. Smithells metals reference book[M]. Burlington:Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, 1998.
[13]	WANG Y, DAMSTRA G C. Noise arc voltage and dynamic constriction of high-current vacuum arcs[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics, 1991, 24(12):2179-2189. doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/24/12/008
[14]	ECKER G. Anode spot instability I:The homogeneous short gap instability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1974, 2(3):130-146. doi: 10.1109/TPS.1974.4316826
[15]	李国明. 大电流真空电弧阳极熔蚀过程的数值仿真与分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2019, 14(1):41-45.
	LI Guoming. Numerical simulation and analysis of anode erosion process under high-current vacuum arcs[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2019, 14(1):41-45.
[16]	胡秋生, 贺家敏, 张鑫, 等. 真空断路器触头电磨损在线检测系统研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2018, 13(1):43-48.
	HU Qiusheng, HE Jiamin, ZHANG Xin, et al. The on-line monitoring application study of vacuum circuit breakers contact system[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 13(1):43-48.
[17]	WANG Zhenxing, TIAN Yunbo, MA Hui, et al. Decay modes of anode surface temperature after current zero in vacuum arcs-part II:Theoretical study of dielectric recovery strength[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2015, 43(10):3734-3743. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2015.2467158
[18]	WANG Lijun, JIA Shenli, LIU Yu, et al. Modeling and simulation of anode melting pool flow under the action of high-current vacuum arc[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 107(11):113-306.
[19]	YAO X, WANG J, GENG Y, et al. An influence of an ambient magnetic field induced by a nearby parallel conductor on high-current vacuum arcs[C]// Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum. Tomsk, Russia: Institute of High-current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 2012:337-340.
[20]	HAUSER A, HARTMANN W, LAWALL A, et al. Development of a FEM simulation of axial magnetic field vacuum arcs[C]// Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum. Bucharest, Rumania: University “POLITEHNICA” of Bucharest, 2008:398-401.
[21]	GENTSCH D, SHANG W K. High-speed observations of arc modes and material erosion on RMF- and AMF-contact electrodes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2005, 33(5):1605-1610. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2005.856514
[22]	李显哲. 电极旋转情况下真空电弧磁流体动力学模型的仿真研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳工业大学, 2020.
	LI Xianzhe. Simulation study on the MHD model of vacuum arc with rotating electrodes[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology, 2020.

物理参数	数值
固相温度(熔点)T_s/K	1 356
液相温度T_l/K	1 489
固液相变潜热L/(J/kg)	3.3×10⁴
固相比热容C_ps /[J/(kg·K)]	380
液相比热容C_pl /[J/(kg·K)]	494
固相热导率λ_s /[W/(m·K)]	372
液相热导率λ_l /[W/(m·K)]	174
固相密度ρ_s /(kg/m³)	8 960
液相密度ρ_l /(kg/m³)	8 000