大型风电场风电机组分组方法研究综述

doi:10.11985/2016.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

先进科学的风电分组方法对研究大型风电场等值特性具有重要的意义。本文回顾了国内外风电机组的分组方法,讨论分析了既有分组方法的局限性及尚需解决的问题。分析结果表明,既有的分组方法可分为基于风电机组输入特性和输出特性两类技术路线,其中考虑输入特性的分组方法是当前研究的热点,工作主要集中在研究输入风速对风电机组分组的影响,其他影响风机发电行为特性的因素考虑不足;考虑风电机组输出特性的分组方法依据输出功率时间序列对风电机组分组,具有分组结果确定、模型简单的优点,但理论上存在可预测性差、不能实时控制等不足;风机之间的尾流效应、风况相关性和风电场的地理特征都是影响风电场等值特性的重要因素,更合理先进的风电机组分组方法有待研究;当前的风电机组分组方法主要面向大型风电场的等值简化建模,面向其他的高级应用研究鲜有开展,值得关注。

关键词: 风电场, 等值特性, 风电机组, 分组方法

Abstract:

Advanced and scientific grouping method of wind turbine generators is very important to study the equivalent characteristics of large wind farm. The paper reviews the grouping methods of wind turbine generators, and discusses the limitations of the existing methods and the problems to be solved. The analysis results show that the grouping methods can be divided into two kinds of technical route, which can be considered as the input characteristic and the output characteristic of the wind turbine generators. Among, the grouping methods of considering the input characteristics is the hot research, and the main focus of the research is to study the influence of the input wind speed on the wind power generation, but other factors that affect the behavior of the wind turbine generator are not considered. The grouping method of considering the output characteristic of the wind turbine generator is based on the time series of the output power, which has the advantages of grouping the results, and the model is simple in the theory, but there is a lack of predictability in theory, and cannot be controlled in real time. There are a lot of important factors that affect the equivalent characteristics of wind farm, such as wake effect, wind condition correlation, geographical features of wind farm and so on, more reasonable and advancer wind generation turbine grouping method to study; At present, the method of wind power generating unit is mainly for the simplified modeling of large wind farm, and the research on the other advanced application is seldom carried out, but it is worth paying attention to.

Key words: Wind Farm, equivalent characteristic, wind turbine generator, grouping method

中图分类号:

TM614

沈小军,周冲成,吕洪. 大型风电场风电机组分组方法研究综述[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(5): 1-10.

Shen Xiaojun,Zhou Chongcheng,Lü Hong. Review on Grouping Method of Large Wind Farm Wind Turbine Generators[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2016, 11(5): 1-10.

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技术路线	分组方法	优点	缺点
基于风电机组输入特性	集电线路	方法简单,避免多次分组;可用于风电场能量管理系统	模型误差大,动态特性差,不能用于风电场动态与暂态等值建模
	排列地理位置	方法简单,计算量小;适合排列规则风电场等值建模,如海上风电场	对地理位置要求过于严格,未考虑尾流效应,不适用于不规则风电场动态等值建模
	机械控制系统特征	原理清晰,方法简单,适合双馈机组风电场静态等值建模	局限于双馈风电机组,风电机组间尾流效应、风速随机性考虑不足
	桨距角控制动作	并网点动态特性好,适用于大型双馈机组风电场并网动态特性研究	没计及尾流效应、湍流、流动随机性,不适用于风电场静态等值建模
	功率相关性	模型精确,适用于风电场静态、动态特性研究	系统复杂,计算量较大,需工程验证
	风电场流动性	动态特性好,模型精确,实时操作性强;适合单一风电场动态等值建模与风电场功率预测	模型复杂,风电机组训练、学习时间长,计算量大,不适合大型复杂风电场
基于风电机组输出特性	输出时间序列	输出特性好,避免多次分组;适合风电场输出特性研究	不能体现风电场输入端特性,不适用于风电场实时调度与控制等值建模